Difference between revisions of "Bovine Brucellosis"

Revision as of 18:02, 23 August 2010

- Caused by Brucella abortus
- Eradicated in many countries including UK
- Infection usually by ingestions but also venereal, skin abrasions, inhalation, transplacental
- Abortion storms in susceptible herds
- Abortion after fifth month of gestation due to placentitis
- Brucellae excreted in foetal fluids for 2-4 weeks following abortion and at subsequent parturitions without abortion
- Infection of mammary glands and lymph nodes persists for years
- Excreted intermittently in milk for years
- Seminal vesicles, ampullae, testicles and epididymus infected in bulls; necrotising orchitis
- Decreased fertility in cows and bulls; decreased milk production

Vaccination of heifers against B. abortus in endemic regions by Strain S19, a live attenuated vaccine, stimulating a cell-mediated immune response. The vaccination of young animals interferes with serological testing. The 45/20 bacterin vaccine is less effective and the newer RB51 vaccine has no LPS O-antigen therefore not detected by serological tests and gives good protection.

Control

Test and slaughter program has eradicated bovine brucellosis in the UK.

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+{{unfinished}}
-Also know as: '''''Bang's disease'''''
-== Introduction ==
+**Caused by ''[[Brucella abortus]]''
+**Eradicated in many countries including UK
+**Infection usually by ingestions but also venereal, skin abrasions, inhalation, transplacental
+**Abortion storms in susceptible herds
+**Abortion after fifth month of gestation due to placentitis
+**Brucellae excreted in foetal fluids for 2-4 weeks following abortion and at subsequent parturitions without abortion
+**Infection of mammary glands and lymph nodes persists for years
+**Excreted intermittently in milk for years
+**Seminal vesicles, ampullae, testicles and epididymus infected in bulls; necrotising orchitis
+**Decreased fertility in cows and bulls; decreased milk production
-Brucellosis is an abortive disease of cattle and also sheep and goats, caused by the bacteria ''[[Brucella abortus]]''. It has been eradicated in the UK and other countries worldwide, and is now notifiable in this country, but it is still prevalent in Ireland. The disease is zoonotic and causes 'Undulant Fever' in humans. Transmission is by ingestion (faeco- oral) but may also be by entry through skin abrasions, inhalation or transplacentally. The disease is excreted in foetal fluids for 2 - 4 weeks following abortion and at subsequent parturitions without abortion. It is also excreted intermittently in the milk for many years.
-== Clinical Signs ==
-Abortion is the primary clinical sign, usually after five months of gestation, due to placentitis. In naive herds, this will often occur as an abortion storm and in affected herds, abortions will happen sporadically and there will be an associated infertility problem within the herd. There will be prevalence of decreased fertility in bulls, as well as cows.
+Vaccination of heifers against ''B. abortus'' in endemic regions by Strain S19, a live attenuated vaccine, stimulating a cell-mediated immune response. The vaccination of young animals interferes with serological testing. The 45/20 bacterin vaccine is less effective and the newer RB51 vaccine has no LPS O-antigen therefore not detected by serological tests and gives good protection.
-Lameness, epididymitis, decreased milk production in cows and mastitis may be present in affected herds. The disease is not usually transmitted venereally, but in males may cause orchitis.
+==Control==
+Test and slaughter program has eradicated bovine brucellosis in the UK.
-== Diagnosis ==
-Clinical signs and history.
+[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
-Samples should be taken from the recently aborted calf and sent to the laboratory. Samples for culture should include foetal lung or placenta. These can also be used for ''Brucella'' antigen testing by immunostaining technology. Serological tests are not of a high efficacy, but are also used. The ring test on milk is used on milk to survey the herd for signs of Brucellosis and the Rose Bengal complement fixation test is used on suspect cases.
-== Treatment and Control ==
-Cattle are rarely treated for Brucellosis as it is either a notifiable disease or an eradication system is in place (e.g in the United States), so most infected animals are destroyed. If treatment is required, oxytetracycline over a long period of time has been shown to reduce shedding, but not eliminated the disease.
-Vaccination of heifers against ''B. abortus'' in endemic regions by Strain S19 is available, a live attenuated vaccine, stimulating a cell-mediated immune response. The vaccination of young animals interferes with serological testing. The 45/20 bacterin vaccine is less effective and the newer RB51 vaccine has no LPS O-antigen therefore not detected by serological tests and gives good protection.
-The control measures in place are as mentioned above: Test and slaughter program to eradicate bovine brucellosis. This has been effective in the UK. Other control measures in an outbreak include humane destruction of all infected animals, isolation of pregnant cows to prevent further infection and careful handling of all foetal tissues if an abortion does occur. Do not allow other cattle to be in contact with an aborted foetus. Disinfection of an area infected with Brucellosis is vital to try to eliminate it from a farm.
-== References ==
-Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine '''(Second edition), ''Blackwell Publishing''
-Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''''' Elsevier Health Sciences''
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
-[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
-[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]]
-[[Category:Reproductive System - Pathology]]

Difference between revisions of "Bovine Brucellosis"

Revision as of 18:02, 23 August 2010

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