Difference between revisions of "Tritrichomonas foetus"

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==''Tritrichomonas foetus''==
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{{Taxobox
 
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|kingdom            =Protista
 
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|phylum            =[[:Category:Protozoa|Protozoa]]
 
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|sub-phylum        =Sarcomastigophora
 
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|sub-class          =
 
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|order              =
 
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|super-family      =
 
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|family            =Trichomonadidae
 
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|sub-family        =
 
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|genus              =Tritrichomonas
 
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|species            =''T. foetus'' and more
 
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}}
 
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Also known as: '''''Trichomonas foetus — Trichomonas fetus'''''
 
  
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==Introduction==
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*Venereally transmitted
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[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|''Trichomonas'' sp. with giemsa staining. Note the anterior flagellae and undulating membrane (source - Wikimedia Commons)]]
 
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''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoal pathogen]] causing disease primarily in cattle and felids. It is identifiable by its pear-like shape, three anterior flagellae (recurrent flagellum) and an undulating membrane on one side.
 
  
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==Lifecycle and Transmission==
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*Cattle protozoa
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===Cattle===
 
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''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is a [[Trichomonosis - Cattle|venereal disease in cattle]] causing early embryonic death and abortion.
 
  
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The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.
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*Lives in the [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] and preputial cavity of bulls
  
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''T. foetus'' has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of the carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that ''T. foetus'' feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' and ''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''. ''Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology'', 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>
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*Occurs worldwide
  
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''T. foetus'' is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.
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*Related species cause [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] in cats
  
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===Cats===
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*Fatal diseases in wild birds caused by ''T. gallinae''
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''Tritrichomonas foetus'' is transmitted via the faecal: oral route in cats. Behaviours such as grooming may aid transmission by direct contact. The venereal route is unproven in cats.
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**Necrotic, yellow nodules in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]] and [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]
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**Infection is usually fatal
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**Turkeys and chickens may also become infected
  
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Non-pathogenic species affect guinea-pigs
  
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===Cattle===
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'''Recognition'''
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Proteinases secreted by ''T. foetus'' degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death. Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs. For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]].
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*10-25μm long
  
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===Cats===
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*Pear-shaped
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''T. foetus'' mainly causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] by colonisation of the large intestine. Recovery is slow but longterm prognosis is good. Reports of resistance and success are available for most anthelmintic and antibiotic therapies.
 
  
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==Other trichomonad spp.==
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*3 anterior flagella and 1 posterior flagellum forming an undulating membrane
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Many other trichomonads reside as commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of other species. Two of the most well studied trichomonads are ''[[Trichomonas gallinae]]'', which occurs in birds, and ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which is a common sexually transmitted infection of humans.
 
  
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*Body is supported by an axostyle
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**Hyaline rod
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**Projects posteriorly
  
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<big>Relevant Links: '''[[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]''' </big>
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*Single nucleus present
  
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'''Life Cycle'''
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*Simple
  
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{{Learning
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*Reproduce by binary fission
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|flashcards = [[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]<br>[[Tritrichomonas foetus Flashcards]]
 
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}}
 
  
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*Transmission via direct contact
  
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==References==
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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<references/>
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*No clinical signs in the bull once established
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**Inhabits the preputial cavity
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**Once infected, bulls remain so permanently
  
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Feline Advisory Bureau, '''Tritrichomonas infection in cats''', accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.fabcats.org/breeders/infosheets/tritrichomonas/
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*Infertility and abortion in the cow
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**Inhabits the [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] and [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Vagina/Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]]
  
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Wright, I.(2010) '''Tritrichomonas foetus: Jumping the Species Barrier''', ''UK Vet'', Vol 15, 1-3.
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*Prevalence has dramatically decreased in cattle since the introduction of artificial insemination
  
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{{CABI source
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*Occurs in the digestive tract of other species
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|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60673&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Tritrichomonas foetus'']
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**Usually as commensal organisms
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|date = 2 June 2011
 
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}}
 
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<br><br><br>
 
  
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{{Nick Lyons
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*''T. gallinae'' is pathogenic in pigeons
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|date = 16 October 2011}}
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**Inhabits the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]]
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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'''Diagnosis'''
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*Microscopic examination of [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Vagina/Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] or preputial washings
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Trichomonas foetus
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A venereal infection of cattle that can cause early embryonic death and abortion.
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==Test yourself with the Protozoa Flashcards==
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[[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]
  
 
[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
 
[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
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[[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]

Revision as of 16:22, 7 September 2010

Tritrichomonas foetus

  • Venereally transmitted
  • Cattle protozoa
  • Lives in the uterus and preputial cavity of bulls
  • Occurs worldwide
  • Fatal diseases in wild birds caused by T. gallinae
    • Necrotic, yellow nodules in the crop and oesophagus
    • Infection is usually fatal
    • Turkeys and chickens may also become infected
  • Non-pathogenic species affect guinea-pigs

Recognition

  • 10-25μm long
  • Pear-shaped
  • 3 anterior flagella and 1 posterior flagellum forming an undulating membrane
  • Body is supported by an axostyle
    • Hyaline rod
    • Projects posteriorly
  • Single nucleus present

Life Cycle

  • Simple
  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • Transmission via direct contact

Pathogenesis

  • No clinical signs in the bull once established
    • Inhabits the preputial cavity
    • Once infected, bulls remain so permanently
  • Infertility and abortion in the cow
  • Prevalence has dramatically decreased in cattle since the introduction of artificial insemination
  • Occurs in the digestive tract of other species
    • Usually as commensal organisms
  • T. gallinae is pathogenic in pigeons

Diagnosis

  • Microscopic examination of vaginal or preputial washings


Trichomonas foetus A venereal infection of cattle that can cause early embryonic death and abortion.

Test yourself with the Protozoa Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

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