Difference between revisions of "Collecting Pathological Samples"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Pathological Sample Collection]]
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==Blood samples==
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When collecting blood samples, fill tubes containing anticoagulant to the fill line and mix gently immediately after collection. Vacutainers can be used for large animal blood sample collection, and a needle and syringe for small animals. The jugular vein is the preferred collection site using a wide bore needle to prevent haemolysis of the blood from using excessive suction during collection. The Cephalic and Saphenous veins are alternative venipuncture sites. Ensure the venipuncture site is clean and swabbed, wear gloves and ensure you have adequate restraint prior to collecting a blood sample.
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Always label your sample tubes with permanent marker immediately with the animal's details and the date and time of collection. Serum samples can be processed by allowing the blood to clot in an upright position and removing the serum from the tube prior to sending the sample for analysis to avoid haemolysis (bursting of the red blood cells into the serum) during transit. A more ideal method of serum separation is to centrifuge the sample -balance the centrifuge by adding a tube filled with the same volume of fluid in the opposite well in the centrifuge for safety.
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The following table is a guide to the sample type required for some specific laboratory tests - seek guidance from your processing laboratory for confirmation of sample requirements, which can vary depending on the equipment used to analyse the sample.
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{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Test Required
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Sample Required
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!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Comments
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Haematology
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EDTA
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mix gently immediately after collection
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|-
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!align="left"|Biochemistry
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|Serum
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|Centrifuge after permitting sufficient clotting time (min 2 hours)
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|-
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!align="left"|Fibrinogen
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|Citrate
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|Mix gently immediately after collection
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|SAA
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Needs to be processed quickly as the half life is very short
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Electrolytes
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Heparin
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mix gently immediately after collection
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|-
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!align="left"|Glucose
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|Fluoride oxalate
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|Can use fresh whole blood if tested immediately
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Insulin
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Fasting sample required
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|-
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!align="left"|Prothrombin clotting time
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|Citrate
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|A normal sample is required for comparison
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|-
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!align="left"|Progesterone
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|Serum
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|
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|-
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!align="left"|Oestrone Sulphate
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|Serum
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|
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Testosterone
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Request Testosterone before Inhibin for GCTs
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|IgG
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Measurement techniques vary so check sample requirements
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|ACTH
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EDTA plasma
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| Freeze plasma as soon after collection as poss (max 2 hours)
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Selenium
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Heparin/Serum
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Send Heparin for deficiency testing, serum for toxicity testing.
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|-
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!align="left"|Zinc
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|Serum
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|Avoid using tubes with a rubber bung
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|-
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!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Drugs testing
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum or Heparin
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|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Send to HFL
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|-
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!align="left"|Virus Titres e.g. EHV
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|Serum
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|Take 2 samples 14 days apart (freeze 1st)
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|-
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!align="left"|Tapeworm ELISA
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|Serum
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|
 +
|-
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|}
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==Bacteriology Samples==
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==Skin Scrapes==
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==Urine Samples==
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==Peritoneal and Joint taps==
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==Tracheal Washes and BALs==
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==WECs==
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[[Category:Blood Samples]]

Revision as of 21:32, 21 September 2010

Blood samples

When collecting blood samples, fill tubes containing anticoagulant to the fill line and mix gently immediately after collection. Vacutainers can be used for large animal blood sample collection, and a needle and syringe for small animals. The jugular vein is the preferred collection site using a wide bore needle to prevent haemolysis of the blood from using excessive suction during collection. The Cephalic and Saphenous veins are alternative venipuncture sites. Ensure the venipuncture site is clean and swabbed, wear gloves and ensure you have adequate restraint prior to collecting a blood sample.

Always label your sample tubes with permanent marker immediately with the animal's details and the date and time of collection. Serum samples can be processed by allowing the blood to clot in an upright position and removing the serum from the tube prior to sending the sample for analysis to avoid haemolysis (bursting of the red blood cells into the serum) during transit. A more ideal method of serum separation is to centrifuge the sample -balance the centrifuge by adding a tube filled with the same volume of fluid in the opposite well in the centrifuge for safety.

The following table is a guide to the sample type required for some specific laboratory tests - seek guidance from your processing laboratory for confirmation of sample requirements, which can vary depending on the equipment used to analyse the sample.

Test Required Sample Required Comments
Haematology EDTA Mix gently immediately after collection
Biochemistry Serum Centrifuge after permitting sufficient clotting time (min 2 hours)
Fibrinogen Citrate Mix gently immediately after collection
SAA Serum Needs to be processed quickly as the half life is very short
Electrolytes Heparin Mix gently immediately after collection
Glucose Fluoride oxalate Can use fresh whole blood if tested immediately
Insulin Serum Fasting sample required
Prothrombin clotting time Citrate A normal sample is required for comparison
Progesterone Serum
Oestrone Sulphate Serum
Testosterone Serum Request Testosterone before Inhibin for GCTs
IgG Serum Measurement techniques vary so check sample requirements
ACTH EDTA plasma Freeze plasma as soon after collection as poss (max 2 hours)
Selenium Heparin/Serum Send Heparin for deficiency testing, serum for toxicity testing.
Zinc Serum Avoid using tubes with a rubber bung
Drugs testing Serum or Heparin Send to HFL
Virus Titres e.g. EHV Serum Take 2 samples 14 days apart (freeze 1st)
Tapeworm ELISA Serum

Bacteriology Samples

Skin Scrapes

Urine Samples

Peritoneal and Joint taps

Tracheal Washes and BALs

WECs

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