Difference between revisions of "Coccidiosis - Horse"

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==Introduction==
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==Description==
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Equine coccidiosis is an infection of the intestinal tract of equids by the protozoal organism ''Eimeria leukarti''. Infection follows the ingestion of sporulated oocysts in contaminated food or water. After exposure to bile in the small intestine, the oocysts excyst and individual sporozoites emerge. Oocysts, released as the final product of the sexual reproductive cycle are shed in the faeces and are infective to new hosts. The prepatent period is 16-35 days. Coccidia are a common incidental findings in normal foals aged 30-125 days and suggest that this organism does not cause clinical signs in foals.
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==Clinical signs==
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Clinical signs associated with the condition occur due to the damaged intestinal epithelium and connective tissue underlying the mucosa. These may include profuse diarrhoea, weight loss, ventral oedema 
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[[Image:Eimeria leukarti horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Eimeria leukarti'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 
[[Image:Eimeria leukarti horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Eimeria leukarti'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
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Equine coccidiosis is an infection of the intestinal tract of equids by [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoa]] of the genera [[Eimeria spp.|''Eimeria'']]. Horses may be infected by 3 species of ''Eimeria''; ''Eimeria leukarti'', ''E. solipedum'' and ''E. uniungulsti''. The most common coccidial oocyst identified in equine faeces is that of ''E. leukarti''. The prepatent period of infection by the protozoa is 16-35 days. Infection follows the ingestion of sporulated oocysts in contaminated food or water. After exposure to bile in the small intestine, the oocysts excyst and individual sporozoites emerge. Oocysts, released as the final product of the sexual reproductive cycle are shed in the faeces and are infective to new hosts. [[:Category:Coccidia|Coccidia]] are a common incidental finding in normal foals aged 30-125 days and suggest that this organism does not cause clinical signs in foals.
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*Only one atypical ''[[Eimeria spp.|Eimeria]]''
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*Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
  
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==Clinical signs==
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*Large, dark coloured oocysts
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Clinical signs associated with the condition occur due to the damaged intestinal epithelium and connective tissue underlying the mucosa. These may include profuse diarrhoea, weight loss, ventral oedema, intestinal haemorrhage and catarrhal inflammation of the intestinal tract.
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**Approximately 12μm
  
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==Diagnosis==
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*Occasionally causes [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]
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A diagnosis of coccidiosis is made by detection of oocysts in the faeces using faecal flotation. A solution of saturated sugar or sodium nitrate solution is used. Oocysts are approximately 12μm in diameter and are identified by their dark brown colour and thick-walled, ovoid shape. They also contain a prominent micropyle on the narrower end.
 
  
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*'''''Besnoitia bennetti''''' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Besnoitia bennetti|larynx]] of horses
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**Papilloma like lesions in [[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of laryngitis|larynx]], skin and sclera
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**Thick walled parasitic cysts, covered by hyperplastic epithelium, may be ulcerated
  
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==Treatment==
 
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The treatment of choice for the disease is the sulphonamide antimicrobial agents. Sulphamethazine or Sulphathiazole are commonly used. Prevention of coccidiosis is obtained by providing adequate nutrition and hygiene and minimising stress.
 
  
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{{Learning
 
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=(title:(Coccidiosis)+OR+title:(coccidia))+AND+od:(horses) Coccidiosis in horses publications]
 
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}}
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
*Bertone, J., Horspool, L. J. I. (2004) '''Equine Clinical Pharmacology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
 
*Bertone, J., Horspool, L. J. I. (2004) '''Equine Clinical Pharmacology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
 
*Lavoie, J. P., Hinchcliff, K. W. (2009) '''Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
 
*Lavoie, J. P., Hinchcliff, K. W. (2009) '''Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
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*Sellon, D. C., Long, M. T. (2007) '''Equine Infectious Diseases''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
 
  
  
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{{review}}
 
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/parasitology/webinars/feed</rss>
 
  
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[[Category:Expert Review]]
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[[Category:Coccidia]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]
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[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Horse]]
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[[Category:Respiratory_Disorders_-_Horse]][[Category:Alimentary_Disorders_-_Horse]]

Revision as of 20:38, 23 September 2010


 This article is still under construction.


Description

Equine coccidiosis is an infection of the intestinal tract of equids by the protozoal organism Eimeria leukarti. Infection follows the ingestion of sporulated oocysts in contaminated food or water. After exposure to bile in the small intestine, the oocysts excyst and individual sporozoites emerge. Oocysts, released as the final product of the sexual reproductive cycle are shed in the faeces and are infective to new hosts. The prepatent period is 16-35 days. Coccidia are a common incidental findings in normal foals aged 30-125 days and suggest that this organism does not cause clinical signs in foals.

Clinical signs

Clinical signs associated with the condition occur due to the damaged intestinal epithelium and connective tissue underlying the mucosa. These may include profuse diarrhoea, weight loss, ventral oedema



Eimeria leukarti - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
  • Large, dark coloured oocysts
    • Approximately 12μm
  • Besnoitia bennetti in larynx of horses
    • Papilloma like lesions in larynx, skin and sclera
    • Thick walled parasitic cysts, covered by hyperplastic epithelium, may be ulcerated


References

  • Bertone, J., Horspool, L. J. I. (2004) Equine Clinical Pharmacology Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Lavoie, J. P., Hinchcliff, K. W. (2009) Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine John Wiley and Sons
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