Difference between revisions of "Vitamin K Deficiency"

Revision as of 18:32, 2 October 2010

Introduction

The absolute or relative deficiency of vitamin K can give rise to defective coagulation. Anticoagulant rodenticide toxiticy is one of the most common causes of acquired coagulopathy in small animals. Warfarin itself has a short half-life and a fairly low toxicity in non-rodent species, so unless large or repeated doses are consumed clinical bleeding is rare. However, the second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are far more potent, and it is possible for a domestic animal to acquire secondary poisoning by ingesting a killed rodent¹. Dogs are most commonly effected, but predator species such as cats and owls do occaionally suffer from secondary poisonings.

References

Also see Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity

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 ==Introduction==
 The absolute or relative deficiency of vitamin K can give rise to defective coagulation.
-[[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity|Anticoagulant rodenticide toxiticy]] is one of the most common causes of acquired coagulopathy in small animals. Warfarin itself has a short half-life and a fairly low toxicity in non-rodent species, so unless large or repeated doses are consumed clinical bleeding is rare. However, the second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are far more potent, and it is possible for a domestic animal to acquire secondary poisoning by ingesting a poisoned rodent<sup>1</sup>. Dogs are most commonly effected, but predator species such as cats and owls do occasionally suffer from secondary poisonings.
+Anticoagulant rodenticide toxiticy is one of the most common causes of acquired coagulopathy in small animals. Warfarin itself has a short half-life and a fairly low toxicity in non-rodent species, so unless large or repeated doses are consumed clinical bleeding is rare. However, the second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are far more potent, and it is possible for a domestic animal to acquire secondary poisoning by ingesting a killed rodent<sup>1</sup>. Dogs are most commonly effected, but predator species such as cats and owls do occaionally suffer from secondary poisonings.
-The [[Normal_Mechanisms_of_Haemostatic_Control#Coagulation_physiology|clotting factors]] - factor VII, factor XI and factors II and X in the extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathways respectively are dependent on Vitamin K when activated by the coagulation cascade.
-==Other Causes of Vitamin K deficiencies==
-Malabsorption syndromes and sterilisation of the gastrointestinal tract by prolonged antibiotic usage will also result in the depletion of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors<sup>2</sup>. In herbivores, fungi growing on poorly prepared hay or silage containing sweet vernal grass or sweet clover may break down natural coumarins in the plants to form dicoumarol and cause poisoning.
-==Replacement of Vitamin K==
-[[Anticoagulant_Rodenticide_Toxicity#Treatment|Vitamin K<sub>1</sub>]] is available as a subcutaneous treatment for cases of [[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity|rodenticide poisoning]]. Alternatively, whole blood or plasma transfusion provides vitamin K dependent clotting factors, which can control symptoms in severe acute cases.
 ==References==
-#Campbell, A (1999) Common causes of poisoning in small animals. ''In Practice'', '''21(5)''', 244-249.
+Also see [[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity]]
-#Tilley, L P and Smith, W K (2007) '''Blackwell's Five Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline (Fourth Edition)''', ''Blackwell''.
-[[Category:Coagulation Defects]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]]
+[[Category:Coagulation Defects]]
-[[Category:Cardiology Section]]
+[[Category:To Do - Blood]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

Difference between revisions of "Vitamin K Deficiency"

Revision as of 18:32, 2 October 2010

Introduction

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