Changes

==Infectious Causes of Diarrhoea==

==Infectious Causes of Diarrhoea==

'''Salmonella'''

'''Salmonella'''

Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteriditis are the common causative agents and are often associated with contaminated food and bedding. Diarrhoea may be haemorrhagic, cause septicaemia and can also cause sudden death. Diagnosis is via isolation and culture of the Salmonella spp via faecal samples.<br />

Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteriditis are the common causative agents and are often associated with contaminated food and bedding. Diarrhoea may be haemorrhagic, cause septicaemia and can also cause sudden death. Diagnosis is via isolation and culture of the Salmonella spp via faecal samples.<br />

Chronic cases and those that recover from a Salmonella infection are likely to become carriers and should be destroyed to prevent further outbreaks. <br />

Chronic cases and those that recover from a Salmonella infection are likely to become carriers and should be destroyed to prevent further outbreaks. <br />

'''Yersinia (pseudotuberculosis)'''

'''Yersinia (pseudotuberculosis)'''

Acute forms of this disease can cause septicaemia and death within 48hrs. Chronic cases have more progressive clinical symptoms but will usually culminate in death after 3-4 weeks. During this 3-4 week period any young may become congenitally or neonatally affected. Diagnosis is via culture of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from blood, lymph nodes or faecal samples.<br />

Acute forms of this disease can cause septicaemia and death within 48hrs. Chronic cases have more progressive clinical symptoms but will usually culminate in death after 3-4 weeks. During this 3-4 week period any young may become congenitally or neonatally affected. Diagnosis is via culture of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from blood, lymph nodes or faecal samples.<br />

Yersinia infections are transmitted via wild birds and other rodents contaminating their food, particularly green foods. Once the disease is endemic  in a breeding population some infections can be passed vertically in the milk. <br />

Yersinia infections are transmitted via wild birds and other rodents contaminating their food, particularly green foods. Once the disease is endemic  in a breeding population some infections can be passed vertically in the milk. <br />

'''Clostridia'''

'''Clostridia'''

Normally this species are present in the large intestines as commensals but during certain circumstances such as antibiotic administration they are able to proliferate and cause fatal enterotoxaemia. Clostridium species can be cultured from the lumen of the infected intestine.

Normally this species are present in the large intestines as commensals but during certain circumstances such as antibiotic administration they are able to proliferate and cause fatal enterotoxaemia. Clostridium species can be cultured from the lumen of the infected intestine.