Difference between revisions of "Permethrin Toxicity"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Permethrin is the active ingredient of many 'spot-on' pesticides used in the control of fleas and ticks in dogs <ref name="multiples"> '''Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London''', ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref>. In is also used in products intended for use in rats, mice, gerbils and guinea pigs <ref name="multiples">'''Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London''', ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref>. Permethrin mediates its effects through modulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. <ref name="multiples"> Ray DE (1991)pesticides derived from plants and other organisms. In: Hayes WJ, Laws ER (eds), ''Handbook of Pesticide Toxicity, Classes of Pesticides''referenced in ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf The net result of this modulation is repetitive nerve firing. | Permethrin is the active ingredient of many 'spot-on' pesticides used in the control of fleas and ticks in dogs <ref name="multiples"> '''Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London''', ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref>. In is also used in products intended for use in rats, mice, gerbils and guinea pigs <ref name="multiples">'''Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London''', ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref>. Permethrin mediates its effects through modulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. <ref name="multiples"> Ray DE (1991)pesticides derived from plants and other organisms. In: Hayes WJ, Laws ER (eds), ''Handbook of Pesticide Toxicity, Classes of Pesticides''referenced in ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf The net result of this modulation is repetitive nerve firing. | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Clinical Signs=== | ===Clinical Signs=== | ||
| − | Includes: twitching, convulsions, ataxia, hypersalivation | + | Includes: twitching, convulsions, ataxia, hypersalivation, emesis, diarrhoea, hyperaesthesia, muscle fasciculations, lethargy, tachycardia, anxiety, temporary blindness,death <ref name="multiples"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''', Chapter 19, Second Edition, 2007 </ref>, <ref name="multiples"> '''Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London''', ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref>. |
===Laboratory Tests=== | ===Laboratory Tests=== | ||
===Pathology=== | ===Pathology=== | ||
| − | The spot-on canine preparations are often quite concentrated.<ref name="multiples"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''', Chapter 19, Second Edition, 2007 </ref>. Cats lack the enzyme glucuronidase transferase <ref | + | The spot-on canine preparations are often quite concentrated.<ref name="multiples"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''', Chapter 19, Second Edition, 2007 </ref>. Cats lack the enzyme glucuronidase transferase <ref> Whittem 1995 Pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide intoxication in cats.''Compendium of Continuing Education for the Veterinary Practitioner'' '''17''' 489-492, referenced in ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref> and is therefore unable to utilise the metabolic pathway that dogs and other animals use to break down permethrin into glucuronides and sulphates <ref name="multiples"> Ray DE (1991)pesticides derived from plants and other organisms. In: Hayes WJ, Laws ER (eds), ''Handbook of Pesticide Toxicity, Classes of Pesticides''referenced in ''Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery''(2007)'''9''',335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 </ref> |
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
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==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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Revision as of 20:12, 9 November 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Introduction
Permethrin is the active ingredient of many 'spot-on' pesticides used in the control of fleas and ticks in dogs [1]. In is also used in products intended for use in rats, mice, gerbils and guinea pigs [1]. Permethrin mediates its effects through modulation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag.
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
Includes: twitching, convulsions, ataxia, hypersalivation, emesis, diarrhoea, hyperaesthesia, muscle fasciculations, lethargy, tachycardia, anxiety, temporary blindness,death [1], [1].
Laboratory Tests
Pathology
The spot-on canine preparations are often quite concentrated.[1]. Cats lack the enzyme glucuronidase transferase [2] and is therefore unable to utilise the metabolic pathway that dogs and other animals use to break down permethrin into glucuronides and sulphates [1]
Treatment
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clinical effects and outcome of feline permethrin spot-on poisonings reported to the Veterinary Poisons information Service (VPIS), London, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery(2007)9,335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Whittem 1995 Pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide intoxication in cats.Compendium of Continuing Education for the Veterinary Practitioner 17 489-492, referenced in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery(2007)9,335-339 accessed on http://www.fabcats.org/esfm/permethrin.pdf 07.11.2010