Difference between revisions of "Palpable Points - Horse Anatomy"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Fiorecastro (talk | contribs) |
|||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | {{no pics}} | ||
==Forelimb== | ==Forelimb== | ||
===The Shoulder=== | ===The Shoulder=== | ||
| − | |||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Cranial border of the | + | * Cranial border of the scapula |
| − | * Dorsal border of the | + | * Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage |
| − | * Spine of the | + | * Spine of the scapula |
| − | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, | + | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus |
| − | * Deltoid tuberosity, | + | * Deltoid tuberosity, humerus |
| − | * Greater tuberosity, | + | * Greater tuberosity, humerus |
'''Soft Tissue''' | '''Soft Tissue''' | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* Triceps | * Triceps | ||
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus | * Supraspinatus and infrapinatus | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Antebrachium and Elbow=== | ===Antebrachium and Elbow=== | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
* Olecranon | * Olecranon | ||
| − | * Lateral epicondyle, | + | * Lateral epicondyle, humerus |
| − | * Lateral tuberosity, | + | * Lateral tuberosity, radius |
| − | * Styloid process, | + | * Styloid process, radius |
'''Joint''' | '''Joint''' | ||
| − | * Identified between distal | + | * Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks. |
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| Line 35: | Line 33: | ||
* Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally | * Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally | ||
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis | * Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Metacarpal region and Carpus=== | ===Metacarpal region and Carpus=== | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Medial styloid process of | + | * Medial styloid process of radius |
| − | * Lateral styloid process of | + | * Lateral styloid process of radius |
| − | * | + | * Accessory carpal bone |
| − | * Medial and lateral | + | * Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons |
'''Joint''' | '''Joint''' | ||
| − | * | + | * Radiocarpal joint |
* Carpal canal | * Carpal canal | ||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon | * Extensor carpi radialis tendon | ||
| − | * | + | * Common digital extensor tendon |
| − | * | + | * Lateral digital extensor tendon |
* Flexor reticulum | * Flexor reticulum | ||
| − | * | + | * Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon |
| − | * | + | * Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon |
| − | * | + | * Suspensory ligament |
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region | * Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region | ||
* Medial palmar artery | * Medial palmar artery | ||
| Line 62: | Line 58: | ||
===Metacarpophalangeal Joint=== | ===Metacarpophalangeal Joint=== | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal | + | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon |
| − | * Dorsoproximal margin of | + | * Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx |
* Proximal sesamoid bones | * Proximal sesamoid bones | ||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| − | * | + | * Common digital flexor tendon |
| − | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the | + | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon |
* Lateral digital extensor | * Lateral digital extensor | ||
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids | * Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids | ||
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids | * Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids | ||
| − | * | + | * Suspensory ligament |
* Palmar annular ligament | * Palmar annular ligament | ||
* Palmar pouch of joint | * Palmar pouch of joint | ||
| − | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the | + | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon |
===Pastern=== | ===Pastern=== | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Epicondyles of distal | + | * Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint |
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| − | * Dorsal pouch of | + | * Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint |
* Collateral cartilage | * Collateral cartilage | ||
| − | * Extensor slips from | + | * Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon |
| − | * Widening of | + | * Widening of common digital extensor tendon |
| − | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of | + | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx |
| − | * | + | * Flexor tendons |
* Digital arteries | * Digital arteries | ||
| Line 98: | Line 94: | ||
* White line | * White line | ||
* Wall of hoof | * Wall of hoof | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Hindlimb== | ==Hindlimb== | ||
| Line 179: | Line 173: | ||
===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot=== | ===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot=== | ||
* As for forelimb | * As for forelimb | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | ||
| − | |||
Revision as of 16:38, 26 November 2010
This section has been fully reviewed, but still needs its pictures uploading.Forelimb
The Shoulder
Bones
- Cranial border of the scapula
- Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage
- Spine of the scapula
- Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus
- Deltoid tuberosity, humerus
- Greater tuberosity, humerus
Soft Tissue
- Brachiocephalicus
- Deltoid muscles
- Triceps
- Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
Antebrachium and Elbow
Bones
- Olecranon
- Lateral epicondyle, humerus
- Lateral tuberosity, radius
- Styloid process, radius
Joint
- Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
Soft tissue
- Extensor carpi radialis
- Common digital extensor
- Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
- Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
Metacarpal region and Carpus
Bones
- Medial styloid process of radius
- Lateral styloid process of radius
- Accessory carpal bone
- Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons
Joint
- Radiocarpal joint
- Carpal canal
Soft tissue
- Extensor carpi radialis tendon
- Common digital extensor tendon
- Lateral digital extensor tendon
- Flexor reticulum
- Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon
- Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon
- Suspensory ligament
- Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
- Medial palmar artery
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Bones
- Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon
- Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx
- Proximal sesamoid bones
Soft tissue
- Common digital flexor tendon
- Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon
- Lateral digital extensor
- Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
- Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
- Suspensory ligament
- Palmar annular ligament
- Palmar pouch of joint
- Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon
Pastern
Bones
- Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint
Soft tissue
- Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint
- Collateral cartilage
- Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon
- Widening of common digital extensor tendon
- Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx
- Flexor tendons
- Digital arteries
Foot
- Coronary band and periople
- Heel
- Frog
- Paracuneal sulcus
- Sole
- White line
- Wall of hoof
Hindlimb
Thigh and Hindquarters
Bones
- Tuber coxae
- Greater trochanter of the femur
- Third trochanter of the femur
- Medial troclear ridge of the femur
Soft tissue
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris
- Quadriceps
- Gluteals
- Tensor fascia latae
Crus and Stifle
Bones
- Lateral condyle of tibia
- Lateral malleolus of tibia
- Tibial crest
- Patella
Joints
- Femeropatellar joint
- Femerotibial joint
Soft tissue
- Cranial tibial
- Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
- Gastrocnemius
- Deep digital flexor muscle
- Patellar ligaments
- Quadriceps
- Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
- Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
- Medial menisci
- Popliteal tendon
Hock
Bones
- Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia
- Trochlea of the talus
- Sustentaculum tali
- Heads of the splint bones
Joints
- Tarsocrural joint
- Proximal intertarsal joint
- Distal intertarsal joint
- Tarsometatarsal joint
Soft tissue
- Cranial tibial
- Peroneus tertius
- Long digital extensor
- Lateral digital extensor
- Lateral collateral ligaments
- Saphenous vein
- Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint
- Cunean tendon
- Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments
- Calcaneal bursa
- Plantar ligament of calcaneus
Metatarsal Region
Bones
- Splint bones
Soft tissue
- Long digital extensor tendon
- Lateral digital extensor tendon
- Lateral and medial palmar artery
- Suspensory ligament
- Flexor tendons
Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot
- As for forelimb