Difference between revisions of "Sodium and Water Deficiency"
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Latest revision as of 17:17, 17 October 2013
Deficiency of Both Sodium and Water
- Known as "salt depletion".
- The effects of the sodium (and therefore chloride) loss predominate.
- There is clinically detectable dehydration.
Causes
- Gastro-intestinal disorders.
- Gut crises.
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Torsions.
- Ruminal/ abomasal impaction.
- Excessive and prolonged sweating.
- Heat exhaustion.
- Renal disease.
- Nephritis.
- May also be associated with diabetes mellitus toxicity.
- Severe haemorrhage or burns.
- Result in severe plasma losses.
Effects
- Loss of sodium and chloride reduces the osmolality of extracellular fluid.
- There is a simultaneous loss of water.
- Water is transferred from the ECF to cells.
- Cells over-hydrate and may rupture.
- ECF volume falls.
- Resultis in haemoconcentration and peripheral circulatory failure.
- Renal involvement may become significant.