Difference between revisions of "Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | == Mounting == | + | ==Mounting== |
| + | |||
| + | [[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]] | ||
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. | * Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. | ||
* Learned behaviour | * Learned behaviour | ||
| − | |||
| + | == Intromission== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
== Ejaculation == | == Ejaculation == | ||
| + | [[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | * The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract. | ||
| + | * Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions. | ||
| + | * Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated. | ||
| + | ** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''. | ||
| + | * Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. | ||
| + | * Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''. | ||
| + | * Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles. | ||
| + | ** '''Urethralis''' muscle | ||
| + | ** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle | ||
| + | ** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle | ||
| + | * '''Emission''' and ejaculation | ||
| + | ** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa. | ||
| + | ** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Species Differences== | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" | ||
| + | |||
| + | !'''Species''' | ||
| + | !'''Ram''' | ||
| + | !'''Bull''' | ||
| + | !'''Stallion''' | ||
| + | !'''Boar''' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | '''Duration of Copulation''' | ||
| + | | 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) | ||
| + | | 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) | ||
| + | | 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase) | ||
| + | | 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)''' | ||
| + | | 0.8-1.0 | ||
| + | | 3-5 | ||
| + | | 75-120 | ||
| + | | 200-250 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | '''Site of Semen Deposition''' | ||
| + | | External Cervical Os | ||
| + | | Fornix Vagina | ||
| + | | External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure | ||
| + | | Cervix and Uterus | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation''' | ||
| + | | 10 | ||
| + | | 20 | ||
| + | | 3 | ||
| + | | 3 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period) | ||
| + | | 30-40 | ||
| + | | 60-80 | ||
| + | | 20 | ||
| + | | 8 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] === | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | |||
| + | === [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] === | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| − | == | + | === [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] === |
| − | + | ---- | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | [[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]] | |
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:40, 5 July 2012
Mounting
- Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
- Learned behaviour
Intromission
- Successful entrance of the penis into the vagina.
Ejaculation
- The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
- Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
- Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
- Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the glans penis.
- Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the internal pudendal nerve to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
- Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the spinal cord.
- Forcing of semen into the urethra by nerves in the hypogastric plexus innervating target muscles.
- Urethralis muscle
- Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Emission and ejaculation
- Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the accessory sex glands into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
- Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
Species Differences
| Species | Ram | Bull | Stallion | Boar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Copulation | 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) | 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) | 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase) | 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences |
| Volume of Ejaculate (ml) | 0.8-1.0 | 3-5 | 75-120 | 200-250 |
| Site of Semen Deposition | External Cervical Os | Fornix Vagina | External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure | Cervix and Uterus |
| Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation | 10 | 20 | 3 | 3 |
| Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period) | 30-40 | 60-80 | 20 | 8 |