Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"

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<br>
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===Host invasion===
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==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==
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<FlashCard questions="1">
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
|q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a1=
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
*Contact
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
*Aerosol
−
|-
+
*Orofecal
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|<big>'''By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?'''
+
|l1=Host invasion by microorganisms
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
</FlashCard>
−
*'''''Contact'''''
+
===Viruses===
−
*'''''Aerosol'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="8">
−
*'''''Orofecal'''''
+
|q1=Naked viruses contain only...?
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||[[Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat
−
|}
+
|l1=Viral Structure
 +
|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins
 +
|a2=
 +
*Protection of the genome
 +
*Attachment to host cell
 +
*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
 +
|l2=Viral Structure
 +
|q3=Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection
 +
|a3=
 +
*Interferon
 +
*Natural killer cells
 +
|l3=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
 +
|a4=[[IgA]]
 +
|l4=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
 +
|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 +
|l5=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
 +
|a6=Virolysis
 +
|l6=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
 +
|a7=
 +
*Blocking the virus receptor
 +
*Lysis of infected cells
 +
*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 +
|l7=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
|q8=What are the main cytokines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells release to recruit macrophages?
 +
|a8=
 +
*IFN-γ
 +
*TNF
 +
|l8=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 +
</FlashCard>
  
 +
===Bacteria===
 +
<FlashCard questions="8">
 +
|q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
 +
|a1=
 +
*Few repeated sequences
 +
*Most of the DNA is transcibed
 +
*No intervening sequences within structural genes
 +
|l1=Bacterial Structure
 +
|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around
 +
|a2=Flagella
 +
|l2=Bacteria Structure
 +
|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
 +
|a2=Gram-negative
 +
|l2=Bacterial Structure
 +
|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
 +
|a3=Cocci
 +
|l3=Bacterial Structure
 +
|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
 +
|a4=Rods or bacilli
 +
|l4=Bacterial Structure
 +
|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
 +
|a5=Koch's postulates
 +
|l5=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 +
|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
 +
|a6=Endotoxin shock
 +
|l6=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 +
|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
 +
|a7=Binary fission
 +
|l7=Bacterial Replication
 +
|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
 +
|a8=
 +
*Transformation
 +
*Transduction
 +
*Conjugation
 +
|l8=Bacterial Replication
 +
</FlashCard>
 +
===Parasites===
 +
<FlashCard questions="6">
 +
|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
 +
|a1=Eukaryotic
 +
|l1=:Category:Protozoa
 +
|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
 +
|a2=
 +
*Nematodes
 +
*Platyhelminthes
 +
|l2=:Category:Helminths
 +
|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
 +
|a3=Eosinophils
 +
|l3=Immunity to Parasites
 +
|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
 +
|a4=T<sub>H</sub>1
 +
|l4=Immunity to Parasites
 +
|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
 +
|a5=T<sub>H</sub>2
 +
|l5=Immunity to Parasites
 +
|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
 +
|a6=
 +
*Directly damaging protozoa
 +
*Activating complement
 +
*Blocking attachment to host cells
 +
*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
 +
*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
 +
|l6=Immunity to Parasites
 +
</FlashCard>
  
−
==<font color="purple">Viruses</font>==
+
<br><br>
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Naked viruses contain only...?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''RNA/DNA and protein coat'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Name three functions of viral structural proteins'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Protection of the genome'''''
 
−
*'''''Attachment to host cell'''''
 
−
*'''''Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Name the two main innate defences against viral infection'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Interferon'''''
 
−
*'''''Natural killer cells
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''IgA'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Virolysis'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Blocking the virus receptor'''''
 
−
*'''''Lysis of infected cells'''''
 
−
*'''''Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''IFN-γ'''''
 
−
*'''''TNF'''''
 
−
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
==<font color="purple">Bacteria</font>==
 
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Few repeated sequences'''''
 
−
*'''''Most of the DNA is transcibed'''''
 
−
*'''''No intervening sequences within structural genes'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''These surface components allow bacteria to move around'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Flagella'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Gram-negative'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Cocci'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Rods or bacilli'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Koch's postulates'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Endotoxin shock'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Binary fission'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Transformation'''''
 
−
*'''''Transduction'''''
 
−
*'''''Conjugation'''''
 
−
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
==<font color="purple">Parasites</font>==
 
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Eukaryotic'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Nematodes'''''
 
−
*'''''Platyhelminthes'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Eosinophils'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Th1'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Th2'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Directly damaging protozoa'''''
 
−
*'''''Activating complement'''''
 
−
*'''''Blocking attachment to host cells'''''
 
−
*'''''Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis'''''
 
−
*'''''Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity'''''
 
−
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 

Latest revision as of 09:44, 24 May 2012

Host invasion

Question Answer Article
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? Link to Article


Viruses

Question Answer Article
Naked viruses contain only...? Link to Article
Name three functions of viral structural proteins Link to Article
Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection Link to Article
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? Link to Article
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? Link to Article
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? Link to Article
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? Link to Article
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? Link to Article


Bacteria

Question Answer Article
Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA Link to Article
Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... Link to Article
Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... Link to Article
Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... Link to Article
What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? Link to Article
What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? Link to Article
By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? Link to Article
By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? Link to Article


Parasites

Question Answer Article
Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure Link to Article
What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? Link to Article
What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? Link to Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa Link to Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? Link to Article
How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? Link to Article




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