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| − | {{toplink
| + | <big> |
| − | |linkpage =Helminths
| + | '''[[Cestodes Flascards]] |
| − | |linktext =HELMINTHS
| + | |
| − | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
| + | '''[[Trematodes Flashcards]] |
| − | |subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
| + | |
| − | |pagetype =Bugs
| + | '''[[Nematode Flashcards]] |
| − | }}
| + | |
| − | ===Cestodes===
| + | '''[[Cattle Nematode Flashcards]] |
| − | <FlashCard questions="13">
| + | |
| − | |q1=Fill in the missing words about cestodes:<p>
| + | '''[[Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards]] |
| − | A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (???) of progressively maturing reproductive units called ??? anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the ???.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | '''[[Horse Nematode Flashcards]]</big> |
| − | |a1=
| + | |
| − | *strobila
| + | |
| − | *proglottids
| + | [[Category:Parasite Flashcards]][[Category:Helminths]] |
| − | *scolex
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| − | |l1=Cyclophyllidea#Introduction
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| − | |q2=What species of Taenia occur in dogs?
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *Taenia ovis
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| − | *Taenia hydatigena
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| − | *Taenia pisiformis
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| − | *Taenia multiceps
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| − | *Taenia serialis
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| − | |l2=Taenia#Introduction
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| − | |q3=Describe the features of a cysticercus
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| − | |a3=Fluid filled bladder, containing a single invaginated head (protoscolex) - seen as a white blob on the wall of the cyst
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| − | |l3=Cyclophyllidea#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q4=In which host(s) would you expect to find the cysticercus of ''T. hydatigena'' and where in the host might it be found?
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Sheep (mostly)'
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| − | *Cattle
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| − | *Pigs
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| − | *Found in the peritoneal cavity
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| − | |l4=Taenia#Structure and Function
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| − | |q5=What is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticercus?
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *A coenurus is a fluid filled bladder with multiples (dozens) of inverted scolices attached to the wall
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| − | *Whereas the cysticercus has only a single inverted scolex.
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| − | |l5=Cyclophyllidea#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q6=How does the distribution of hydatid cysts differ in sheep, horses and humans?
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| − | |a6=
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| − | *Sheep = most are in the lungs with smaller numbers in the liver
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| − | *Horses = nearly all are in the liver
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| − | *Humans = most are in the liver, with some in the lungs and a few elsewhere
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| − | |l6=Echinococcus#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q7=What tapeworms occur in the cat?
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| − | |a7=
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| − | *Taenia taeniaeformis
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| − | *Dipylidium
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| − | |l7=Taenia#Introduction
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| − | |q8=Why is it so difficult to prevent many cats from becoming re-infected with ''T. taeniaeformis''?
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| − | |a8=The intermediate hosts are mice and other small mammals that are hunted
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| − | |l8=Taenia#Taenia spp of the Cat
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| − | |q9=Where in the host (horse) would you expect to find ''Anoplocephala''?
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| − | |a9=Ileo-caecal junction
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| − | |l9=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q10=Why are ''Anoplocephala'' eggs rarely seen on routine faecal examination?
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| − | |a10=They are dense structures and do not always float in the flotation media used in routine diagnosis
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| − | |l10=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q11=Why is it so difficult to prevent grazing horses from becoming re-infected with ''Anoplocephala''?
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| − | |a11=The intermediate hosts are ubiquitous free-living pasture mites
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| − | |l11=Anoplocephala#Life-Cycle
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| − | |q12=Describe the appearance of ''Moniezia
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| − | |a12=
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| − | *Long tapeworm (up to 2m)
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| − | *Segments much wider than they are long
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| − | |l12=Moniezia#Introduction
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| − | |q13=Why is ''T. solium'' more dangerous to human health than ''T. saginata''?
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| − | |a13=If T. solium eggs get into the human small intestine, they will hatch and cysticerci can establish in the musculature and CNS. This does not happen with T. saginata.
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| − | |l13=Taenia#T. solium, the Pork Tapeworm of Humans
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| − | </FlashCard> | |
| − | ===Trematodes===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="7">
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| − | |q1=What are the most diagnostic features of the ''Fasciola hepatica'' egg?
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| − | |a1=
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| − | *Oval and brown
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| − | *Granular contents
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| − | *Operculum ('trap-door') at one end
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| − | *Double the size of a typical strongyle egg
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| − | |l1=Trematodes#Life-cycle stages
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| − | |q2=Fill in the missing words about ''Lymnaea truncatula'':
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| − | <p>''Lymnaea truncatula'' is the intermediate host for (???). It is found in ???, and feeds on ???. It has a ??? with 5-6 spirals.</p>
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *Fasciola hepatica
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| − | *muddy areas
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| − | *slimy green algae
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| − | *brown-black shell
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| − | |l2=Fasciola#Lymnaea truncatula
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| − | |q3=What is the post mortem appearance of the liver in cases of acute fasciolosis?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Haemorrhagic tracts
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| − | *Enlarged, pale and friable
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| − | |l3=Fasciola#Pathogenesis of acute fasciolosis
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| − | |q4=What time of year do the clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis become apparent?
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| − | |a4=January - March
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| − | |l4=Fasciola#Chronic fasciolosis
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| − | |q5=Why is ''Dicrocoelium'' less pathogenic than ''Fasciola''?
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| − | |a5=Migrates directly up the common bile duct and therefore does NOT migrate through the parenchyma (unlike ''Fasciola'')
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| − | |l5=Dicrocoelium#Dicrocoelium dendriticum
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| − | |q6=Is ''Paramphistomum'' found in the UK?
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| − | |a6=Rare in the UK, but can cause severe losses in ruminants in the wet tropics
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| − | |l6=Paramphistomum#Paramphistomum Species
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| − | |q7=What is the major cause of pathogenicity in schistosome infections?
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| − | |a7=
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| − | *The eggs have a spike to help them work their way into the intestine or urinary bladder
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| − | *This causes mechanical damage and inflammatory responses that are exacerbated by antigens released by the eggs
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| − | |l7=Schistosoma#Schistosoma Species
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Nematodes===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="4">
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| − | |q1=What is the function of the bursa in bursate nematodes?
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| − | |a1=Clasp the female during mating
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| − | |l1=Nematodes#Recognition Features
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| − | |q2=Which four superfamilies have bursate males?
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *Trichostrongyloidea
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| − | *Strongyloidea
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| − | *Ancylostomoidea (the hookworms)
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| − | *Metastrongyloidea
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| − | |l2=Nematodes#Nematode Superfamilies
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| − | |q3=What are the different ways in which intestinal nematodes can feed?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Swallow ingesta and/or host secretions
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| − | *Suck a plug of mucosa into the buccal cavity (plug feeders), leaving a circular ulcer
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| − | *Bury the head deep into the mucosa and suck blood
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| − | |l3=Nematodes#Nematode Superfamilies
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| − | |q4=Name the six different non-bursate nematode superfamilies
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Ascaridoidea
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| − | *Oxyuroidea
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| − | *Rhabditoidea
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| − | *Trichinelloidea
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| − | *Spiruroidea
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| − | *Filarioidea
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| − | |l4=Nematodes#Feeding Habits
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| − | </FlashCard>
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