Difference between revisions of "Immunoglobulins Flashcards"
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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function=== | ===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="8"> | <FlashCard questions="8"> | ||
|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as? | |q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as? | ||
|a1=Antibodies | |a1=Antibodies | ||
| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction |
|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have? | |q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*1 variable domain | *1 variable domain | ||
*3 or 4 constant domains | *3 or 4 constant domains | ||
| − | |l2=Immunoglobulins | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q3=How many domains does the light chain have? | |q3=How many domains does the light chain have? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*1 variable domain | *1 variable domain | ||
*1 constant domain | *1 constant domain | ||
| − | |l3=Immunoglobulins | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q4=What are hypervariable domains? | |q4=What are hypervariable domains? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind | *Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind | ||
*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains | *Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains | ||
| − | |l4=Immunoglobulins | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? | |q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
*Fragment associated with antigen binding | *Fragment associated with antigen binding | ||
*Light chain | *Light chain | ||
| − | |l5=Immunoglobulins | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? | |q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
*Constant fragment | *Constant fragment | ||
*Heavy chain | *Heavy chain | ||
| − | |l6=Immunoglobulins | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q7=What does the Fc fragment do? | |q7=What does the Fc fragment do? | ||
|a7=Mediates phagocytosis | |a7=Mediates phagocytosis | ||
*Triggers inflammation | *Triggers inflammation | ||
*Targets Ig to certain tissues | *Targets Ig to certain tissues | ||
| − | |l7=Immunoglobulins | + | |l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies? | |q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
| Line 47: | Line 40: | ||
*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils | *Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils | ||
*Complement Fixation | *Complement Fixation | ||
| − | |l8=Immunoglobulins | + | |l8=Immunoglobulins#Function |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Classes of Immunoglobulin=== | ===Classes of Immunoglobulin=== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 46: | ||
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? | |q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? | ||
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains | |a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains | ||
| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes |
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? | |q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? | ||
|a2=Mucosal surfaces | |a2=Mucosal surfaces | ||
| − | |l2=Immunoglobulin A | + | |l2=Immunoglobulin A |
|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer | |q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*False | *False | ||
*IgA is a dimer | *IgA is a dimer | ||
| − | |l3=Immunoglobulin A | + | |l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure |
|q4=What are the functions of IgA? | |q4=What are the functions of IgA? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
| Line 67: | Line 60: | ||
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut | *Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut | ||
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity | *Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity | ||
| − | |l4=Immunoglobulin A | + | |l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function |
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified? | |q5=In which species has IgD been identified? | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
| Line 74: | Line 67: | ||
*Dogs | *Dogs | ||
*Rodents | *Rodents | ||
| − | |l5=Immunoglobulin D | + | |l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
|q6=What is the main function of IgD? | |q6=What is the main function of IgD? | ||
|a6=Helps B cell development | |a6=Helps B cell development | ||
| − | |l6=Immunoglobulin D | + | |l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? | |q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? | ||
|a7=True | |a7=True | ||
| − | |l7=Immunoglobulin E | + | |l7=Immunoglobulin E |
|q8=What are the functions of IgE? | |q8=What are the functions of IgE? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
| Line 86: | Line 79: | ||
*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions | *Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions | ||
*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites | *Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites | ||
| − | |l8=Immunoglobulin E | + | |l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function |
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? | |q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? | ||
|a9=True | |a9=True | ||
| − | |l9=Immunoglobulin G | + | |l9=Immunoglobulin G |
|q10=Where is IgG produced? | |q10=Where is IgG produced? | ||
|a10=Bone marrow | |a10=Bone marrow | ||
*Spleen | *Spleen | ||
*Lymph nodes | *Lymph nodes | ||
| − | |l10=Immunoglobulin G | + | |l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production |
|q11=What is the function of IgG? | |q11=What is the function of IgG? | ||
|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade | |a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade | ||
| − | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils | + | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria | *Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria | ||
| − | |l11=Immunoglobulin G | + | |l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function |
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer | |q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer | ||
|a12= | |a12= | ||
*True | *True | ||
*But it is secreted as a pentamer | *But it is secreted as a pentamer | ||
| − | |l12=Immunoglobulin M | + | |l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure |
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? | |q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? | ||
|a13= | |a13= | ||
| Line 110: | Line 103: | ||
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily | *Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily | ||
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low | *Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low | ||
| − | |l13=Immunoglobulin M | + | |l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production |
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM? | |q14=What are the main functions of IgM? | ||
|a14= | |a14= | ||
| Line 117: | Line 110: | ||
*Opsonisation | *Opsonisation | ||
*Virus neutralisation | *Virus neutralisation | ||
| − | |l14=Immunoglobulin M | + | |l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Immunoglobulins Variation=== | ===Immunoglobulins Variation=== | ||
| Line 125: | Line 118: | ||
*IGH genes | *IGH genes | ||
*Heavy chain | *Heavy chain | ||
| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes: | |q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes: | ||
<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p> | <p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p> | ||
| Line 132: | Line 125: | ||
*three | *three | ||
*three or four | *three or four | ||
| − | |l2=Immunoglobulins | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
|q3=What are allotypes? | |q3=What are allotypes? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species | *Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species | ||
*Allotypes are inheritable | *Allotypes are inheritable | ||
| − | |l3=Immunoglobulins | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
|q4=What are idiotypes? | |q4=What are idiotypes? | ||
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains | |a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains | ||
| − | |l4=Immunoglobulins | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? | |q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
| Line 147: | Line 140: | ||
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised | *Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised | ||
*The same varibale domains are kept | *The same varibale domains are kept | ||
| − | |l5=Immunoglobulins | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? | |q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
| Line 155: | Line 148: | ||
*Associated carbohydrate | *Associated carbohydrate | ||
*Function | *Function | ||
| − | |l6=Immunoglobulins | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Immunoglobulins]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 16 March 2012
Immunoglobulins Structure and Function
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What are immunoglobulins also known as? | Antibodies
|
Link to Article | |
| How many domains does the heavy chain have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| How many domains does the light chain have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are hypervariable domains? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does the Fc fragment do? | Mediates phagocytosis
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the four major effects of antibodies? |
|
Link to Article | |
Classes of Immunoglobulin
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? | They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
|
Link to Article | |
| IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? | Mucosal surfaces
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgA is a monomer |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the functions of IgA? |
|
Link to Article | |
| In which species has IgD been identified? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main function of IgD? | Helps B cell development
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? | True
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the functions of IgE? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? | True
|
Link to Article | |
| Where is IgG produced? | Bone marrow
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the function of IgG? | Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgM is a monomer |
|
Link to Article | |
| IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main functions of IgM? |
|
Link to Article | |
Immunoglobulins Variation
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes. |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are allotypes? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are idiotypes? | Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
|
Link to Article | |
| What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? |
|
Link to Article | |
| How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? |
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |