Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"
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===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)=== | ===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="10"> | <FlashCard questions="10"> | ||
| Line 15: | Line 8: | ||
*Vaccination | *Vaccination | ||
*Plasma transfusions | *Plasma transfusions | ||
| − | |l1=Materno- | + | |l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? | |q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
| Line 21: | Line 14: | ||
*Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable | *Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable | ||
*Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection | *Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection | ||
| − | |l2=Materno- | + | |l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? | |q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 27: | Line 20: | ||
*Horses | *Horses | ||
*Pigs | *Pigs | ||
| − | |l3=Materno- | + | |l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? | |q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? | ||
|a4=Endotheliochorial | |a4=Endotheliochorial | ||
| − | |l4=Materno- | + | |l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q5=What does colostrum contain? | |q5=What does colostrum contain? | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
| Line 37: | Line 30: | ||
*Vitamins | *Vitamins | ||
*Minerals | *Minerals | ||
| − | |l5=Materno- | + | |l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? | |q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
| Line 43: | Line 36: | ||
*IgA | *IgA | ||
*IgM | *IgM | ||
| − | |l6=Materno- | + | |l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk | |q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk | ||
|a7= | |a7= | ||
| Line 49: | Line 42: | ||
*IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk | *IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk | ||
*IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk | *IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk | ||
| − | |l7=Materno- | + | |l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
|q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? | |q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
| Line 56: | Line 49: | ||
*The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum | *The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum | ||
*The quality of the colostrum was inadequate | *The quality of the colostrum was inadequate | ||
| − | |l8= | + | |l8=Failure of Passive Transfer |
|q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon? | |q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon? | ||
|a9= | |a9= | ||
| Line 68: | Line 61: | ||
*Parity | *Parity | ||
*Dripping from the teats | *Dripping from the teats | ||
| − | |l9= | + | |l9=Failure of Passive Transfer |
|q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? | |q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? | ||
|a10= | |a10= | ||
*Amount the neonate suckles | *Amount the neonate suckles | ||
*Premature births | *Premature births | ||
| − | |l10= | + | |l10=Failure of Passive Transfer |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Testing Colostrum Quality=== | ===Testing Colostrum Quality=== | ||
| Line 79: | Line 72: | ||
|q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | |q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | ||
|a1=True | |a1=True | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? | |q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year | *Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year | ||
*Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days | *Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? | |q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 90: | Line 83: | ||
*Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test | *Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test | ||
*Total serum protein can be calculated | *Total serum protein can be calculated | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | |q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | ||
|a4=IgG | |a4=IgG | ||
| − | |l4= | + | |l4=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? | |q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
*Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated | *Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated | ||
*Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated | *Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated | ||
| − | |l5= | + | |l5=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | |q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | ||
|a6=Above 30 ZST units | |a6=Above 30 ZST units | ||
| − | |l6= | + | |l6=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | |q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | ||
|a7=Above 800 mg/dl | |a7=Above 800 mg/dl | ||
| − | |l7= | + | |l7=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? | |q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
*A refractometer | *A refractometer | ||
*2-8 days old | *2-8 days old | ||
| − | |l8= | + | |l8=Colostrum Quality Testing |
|q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | |q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | ||
|a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl | |a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl | ||
| − | |l9= | + | |l9=Colostrum Quality Testing |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| − | ===Neonatal | + | ===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)=== |
<FlashCard questions="3"> | <FlashCard questions="3"> | ||
|q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? | |q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? | ||
| Line 120: | Line 113: | ||
*When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam | *When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam | ||
*As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells | *As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
| − | |q2=When does Neonatal | + | |q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? |
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare | *First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare | ||
*Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to | *Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
| − | |q3=True or False: Neonatal | + | |q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules |
|a3=True | |a3=True | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:46, 17 March 2012
Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? |
|
Link to Article | |
| In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? | Endotheliochorial
|
Link to Article | |
| What does colostrum contain? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk |
|
Link to Article | |
| When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does colostrum quality depend upon? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? |
|
Link to Article | |
Testing Colostrum Quality
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | True
|
Link to Article | |
| How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? |
|
Link to Article | |
| How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | IgG
|
Link to Article | |
| Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | Above 30 ZST units
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | Above 800 mg/dl
|
Link to Article | |
| What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | Above 4.5 mg/dl
|
Link to Article | |
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
| When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules | True
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |