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| − | ===Types of Sinus Cardiac Rhythms=== | + | {{frontpage |
| − | ====1. [[Sinus Rhythms]]==== | + | |pagetitle =Sinus Cardiac Rhythms |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Sinus Cardiac Rhythms</categorytree> |
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| − | ====2. Sinus Arrhythmias====
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| − | *Normal arrhythmia in dogs associated with respiration (heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration).
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| − | *The associated changes in P wave height with respiration are called a wandering pacemaker.
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| − | ====3. Sinus Bradycardias====
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| − | *Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally slow heart rate
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| − | *Caused by: pathologic conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: athletic animals, calm animals, sleeping animals
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| − | '''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs due to reduced cardiac output remain
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| − | *Treat the underlying condition
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| − | *Drugs used to treat sinus bradycardias: atropine, isoprenaline, glycopyrrolate
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| − | ====4. Sinus Tachycardia====
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| − | *Characterised as a normal sinus rhythm with an abnormally fast heart rate
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| − | *Caused by: pathological conditions, drug reactions, physiologic conditions: pain, exercise, excitement
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| − | '''Treatment:''' Usually unnecessary unless clinical signs remain
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| − | *Treat the underlying condition
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| − | ====5. Sinus Arrest & Sinus Block====
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| − | *Sinus arrest occurs when the sinoartial node fails to discharge resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
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| − | *Sinus block occurs when the sinoatrial node fails to conduct the wave of depolarisation resulting in a pause of the normal heart rhythm.
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| − | *The presence of a sinus arrest on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for more than two R-R intervals.
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| − | *The presence of a sinus block on an ECG would be characterised by an absence of P-QRS-T complexes for twice the R-R interval.
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| − | '''Treatment:'''
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| − | *Treat the underlying condition
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| − | *Drugs used in the treatment of sinus arrest and sinus blocks are the following: glycopyrrolate, isoprenaline, atropine
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| | [[Category:Arrhythmia]] | | [[Category:Arrhythmia]] |
