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| − | ==Morphology==
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| − | *Single-stranded negative-sense unsegmented RNA virus
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| − | *Reassortment and antigenic shift cannot occur
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| − | *Spike proteins include
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| − | **'''HN''' (Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase)
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| − | **'''F''' (Fusion glycoprotein), which allows the virus to fuse directly to the plasma membrane and release its RNA
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| − | ***F also causes syncitium to form, which aids diagnosis
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| − | ***Host antibody response to the F protein is the basis for vaccination
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| − | ==Virulence== | + | {{Learning |Vetstream = <p>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00215.asp Canine Distemper]</p><p>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00210.asp Canine Parainfluenza Virus 2]</p>}} |
| − | *Paramyxoviruses replicate in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract as well as occasionally in the gut
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| − | **Sites of spike protein cleavage
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| − | *Virulence varies by virus, see below
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| − | ==Types and Subtypes==
| + | [[Category:Viral Organisms]] |
| − | Paramoyxoviridae was reclassified in 2000 to include 2 subfamilies and 5 genera, of interest including:
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| − | *Subfamily: ''[[Paramyxovirinae]]'':
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| − | *Subfamily: ''[[Pneumovirinae]]''
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| − | ==Antigenic Variation==
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| − | *Antigenic conservation allows some cross protection by vaccination:
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| − | **Conservation of major virus-specific F/HN antigens means vaccines protect against '''all isolates''' of the same virus
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| − | **Minor morbillivirus-specific epitopes on F allows some cross protection between '''canine distemper, measles, and rinderpest'''
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| − | *Antigenic "fingerprinting" is possible for some viruses based on minor variable epitopes of HN, F and NP on specific isolates as detected by monoclonal antibodies
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| − | **These are detected by immunostaining infected cells
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| − | =Other resources=
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| − | *[http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3401/index.htm On line Paramyxoviridae lecture by P. Russell]
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| − | [[Category:Viruses]]
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| − | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]] | |
