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'''Caudal Thoracic''' (x2) - located between the body wall and the thoracic air sacs.  
 
'''Caudal Thoracic''' (x2) - located between the body wall and the thoracic air sacs.  
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'''Abdominal''' (x2) - these are the largest air sacs and fill the caudodorsal region of the abdomen, in contact with [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]], [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidneys]] and [[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology|reproductive]] organs. In addition these airsacs utilise space within the acetabulum and synsacrum. The Cervical, Clavicular and Cranial Thoracic air sacs form one functional group - '''Cranial''', with the Caudal Thoracic and Abdominal Air sacs forming another, '''Caudal''' functional group. The air sacs have a vital role in [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|ventilation]], but do not have the capacity for [[Gas Exchange - Anatomy & Physiology|gaseous exchange]].
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'''Abdominal''' (x2) - these are the largest air sacs and fill the caudodorsal region of the abdomen, in contact with [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]], [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidneys]] and [[:Category:Avian Reproduction|reproductive]] organs. In addition these airsacs utilise space within the acetabulum and synsacrum. The Cervical, Clavicular and Cranial Thoracic air sacs form one functional group - '''Cranial''', with the Caudal Thoracic and Abdominal Air sacs forming another, '''Caudal''' functional group. The air sacs have a vital role in [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|ventilation]], but do not have the capacity for [[Gas Exchange - Anatomy & Physiology|gaseous exchange]].
    
==Avian Ventilation==
 
==Avian Ventilation==
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