Changes

===Oxytocin (OT)===

===Oxytocin (OT)===

OT is a neuropeptide (a octapeptide) which is synthesised in the '''hypothalamus''' and stored in the posterior pituitary. OT can also be synthesised by the corpus luteum. In males the target tissue for OT is smooth muscle within the epididymal tail, ductus deferens and the ampulla. In females OT targets the uterine myometrium and endometrium together with cells of the mammary glands. In the male OT stimulates PGF2α synthesis and facilitates the pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa. In females, OT stimulates uterine motility and the synthesis of PGF2α from the uterus. It also begins milk 'let-down' or ejection.

OT is a neuropeptide (a octapeptide) which is synthesised in the '''hypothalamus''' and stored in the posterior pituitary. OT is primarily involved in upregulating the activity of smooth muscle cells in the uterus and the smooth muscles surrounding the alveoli ducts of the mammary glands. At parturition, OT causes strong contractions from the myometrium. OT is also essential for 'milk let-down' in most domestic species.

 

 

OT can also be synthesised by the corpus luteum. In males the target tissue for OT is smooth muscle within the epididymal tail, ductus deferens and the ampulla. In females OT targets the uterine myometrium and endometrium together with cells of the mammary glands. In the male OT stimulates PGF2α synthesis and facilitates the pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa. In females, OT stimulates uterine motility and the synthesis of PGF2α from the uterus. It also begins milk 'let-down' or ejection.

 

===Estradiol (E₂)===

===Estradiol (E₂)===

Estradiol (E₂) is a steroid hormone and is part of the oestrogens group of hormones and is the principle oestrogen in females. '''Estrone''' and '''estriol''' are chemically similar to estradiol but are found in lower concentrations and have a lower estrogenic activity. Production of oestrogens occurs in the ovary via '''granulosa cells''', the placenta and the adrenal cortex. In males in it is produced in sertoli cells found in the testes. Estradiol is synthesised from cholestrol.

Estradiol (E₂) is a steroid hormone and is part of the oestrogens group of hormones and is the principle oestrogen in females. '''Estrone''' and '''estriol''' are chemically similar to estradiol but are found in lower concentrations and have a lower estrogenic activity. Production of oestrogens occurs in the ovary via '''granulosa cells''', the placenta and the adrenal cortex. In males in it is produced in sertoli cells found in the testes. Estradiol is synthesised from cholestrol.