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Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:58, 15 August 2008
, 13:58, 15 August 2008→Common Structures of the Distal Hindlimb
===Fibula===
The fibula lies laterally to the [[Tibia - Anatomy & Physiology|tibia]] and proximally doesn't interact with the stifle joint. The fibula consists of a '''proximal head''', a '''neck''', a '''shaft''' and a distal extremity/'''lateral malleoulus'''.
*'''[[Metatarsal bones - Anatomy & Physiology|Metatarsals]]'''
During evolution the fibula has been reduced in size and so also in relative strength and function. The amount of reduction is highly variable in domestic species.
===Tarsal bones===
The '''tarsus/hock''' is made up of two bones that lie between the crus and metatarsals.
The proximal row is made of the '''talus''' and '''calcaneous''' and articulate with the tibia forming the '''tarsocrural joint'''.
The distal row is made up of the central, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th tarsal bones. The pattern of these bones is highly variable amongst domestic species. But in general they articulate with proximal row forming the '''tarsocrural joint''' and with the metatarsal bones forming the '''tarsometatarsal joint'''.
'''''Talus'''''
* The largest bone of the tarsus and is the medial bone of the proximal row.
* It can be divided into three distinct areas; the compact '''body''', the '''trochlea''' and the '''head'''.
* The '''trochlea''' has prominent sagittal ridges dorsoproximally that articulate with the sagittal grooves and intermediate ridge of the distal end of the '''[[tibia]]'''.
* The cylindrical '''head''' is a smaller distal trochlea that articulates with the '''central tarsal bone'''. The plantar and lateral sides articulate with the '''calcaneous'''.
'''''Calcaneus'''''
* It lies laterally and plantar to the '''talus'''.
* It articulates medially and dorsally to the talus and distally towards the 4th tarsal bone.
* It has a proximal plantar projection called the '''calcaneal tuberosity''', it is this that forms the palpable '''point of the hock'''. It acts as a lever for muscles involved in hock extension.
* The '''susentaculum tali''' lies on the medial aspect of the distal portion of the calcaneus. It supports the deep digital flexor tendon and overlaps the talus on its plantar side.
'''''Distal Row of Tarsal Bones'''''
* These are highly variable amongst species but are discussed on their relevant pages.
===Metatarsal bones===
==Joints of the Distal Hindlimb==
==Joints of the Distal Hindlimb==