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*North America
 
*North America
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**Most common in the North-Central and South-Eastern states
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*Caused by ''Blastomyces dermatitidis''
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*Widespread in soil
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*Respiratory infection
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*Lesions start in the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]]
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**Haematogenous dissemination
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**Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones and genitalia
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**Fatal if not treated
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*Lesions are also found on the skin
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*These may ulcerate
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*Granulomatous nodules
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*Affects mainly dogs (and humans)
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**Can affect cats, horses, dolphins, ferrets and sealions but is rare in these species
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*Microscopically:
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**Large, spherical, thick-walled cells
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**Single buds connected to a mother cell by a wide base
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**Double contoured effect of cells
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*Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose and Blood agar
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**On Sabauraud's Dextrose colonies appear moist and grey with a white cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
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***Septate hyphae
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***Small, oval/pyriform conidia
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***Older cultures have thickened walls
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**On Blood agar colonies are creamy in colour, waxy and wrinkled
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***Thick-walled budding yeast cells can be seen
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*Diagnosis:
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**Complement fixation test
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**Falling antibody titres indicate a poor prognosis
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**ELISA and counterimmunoelectrophoresis can also be used
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*Treatment:
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**[[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
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**[[Antifungal Drugs#The Azoles|Imidazoles]]
    
==Coccidioidomycosis==
 
==Coccidioidomycosis==
3,326

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