Difference between revisions of "Pancreatic Hypoplasia"

Revision as of 11:03, 31 March 2011

Image of pancreatic hypoplasia in a dog from Cornell Veterinary Medicine

Introduction

This condition occurs in young calves and dogs and causes steatorrhoea. The acinar tissue is under developed , yet the endocrine part fo the pancreas appears unaffected and functions normally.

Signalment

Calves and Dogs and cats. The prevalent breed in dogs to be affected is the German Shepherd Dog. The condition usually arises at around one year of age. There is no sex predilection.

Clinical Signs

Signs include a pot-bellied appearance, steatorrhoea (fatty stools) and weight loss plus polyphagia. The condition often occurs after with another illness in the animal.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs, history and signalment are suggestive of the disease.
At laparoscopic examination, endoscopy or ultrasound, the intestines will be distended and bulky due to fatty ingesta and there will be a lack of fat in the mesentery and rest of the abdomen. There will be sparse pink pancreatic tissue visible, due to the lack of fat.

Treatment and Control

There is no treatment for this condition but control measures will include placing the animal on a low fat diet and/ or providing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

References

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition), Elsevier Science.
Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition), W.B. Saunders Company.
Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2), W.B. Saunders Company.
Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition), Mosby Elsevier.
Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, Elsevier Health Sciences.
Tams, T.R. (2003) Handbook of Small Animal Gastroenterology (2nd edition), W.B. Saunders Company.

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 [http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=1546 Image of pancreatic hypoplasia in a dog from Cornell Veterinary Medicine]
-*Occurs in calves, dogs (German Shepherd Dogs are the prevalent breed) and cats
+<br>
-*Endocrine part of the pancreas seems unaffected
-===Clinical signs===
+== Introduction ==
-*[[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency]]
+This condition occurs in young calves and dogs and causes steatorrhoea. The acinar tissue is under developed , yet the endocrine part fo the pancreas appears unaffected and functions normally.
-*Occurs at about one year of age
-*Onset often preceded by another illness
+<br>
+== Signalment ==
+Calves and Dogs and cats. The prevalent breed in dogs to be affected is the German Shepherd Dog. The condition usually arises at around one year of age. There is no sex predilection.
-===Gross appearance===
+<br>
-*Pot-bellied appearance on external view
-*Intestines are distended by bulky fatty ingesta
-*Lack of fat in the mesentery and rest of the abdomen
-*The pancreas appears extremely thin and almost lace-like, is sparse and pink, easily visible due to lack of fat
-*The hypoplastic pancreas may be inconspicuous at laparotomy or post mortem examination owing to its small size
+== Clinical Signs ==
+Signs include a pot-bellied appearance, steatorrhoea (fatty stools) and weight loss plus polyphagia. The condition often occurs after with another illness in the animal.
+<br>
+== Diagnosis ==
+Clinical signs, history and signalment are suggestive of the disease.
+<br>
+At laparoscopic examination, endoscopy or ultrasound, the intestines will be distended and bulky due to fatty ingesta and there will be a lack of fat in the mesentery and rest of the abdomen. There will be sparse pink pancreatic tissue visible, due to the lack of fat.
+<br>
+== Treatment and Control ==
+There is no treatment for this condition but control measures will include placing the animal on a low fat diet and/ or providing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
+<br>
+== References ==
+Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition), Elsevier Science.
+<br>
+Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition), W.B. Saunders Company.
+<br>
+Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2), W.B. Saunders Company.
+<br>
+Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition), Mosby Elsevier.
+<br>
+Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, Elsevier Health Sciences.
+<br>
+Tams, T.R. (2003) Handbook of Small Animal Gastroenterology (2nd edition), W.B. Saunders Company.
-===Microscopic appearance===
-*Tiny lobules with glandular cells, some appear to be undergoing regression, hence the alternative view that the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] is normal at birth but undergoes progressive regression - [[Pancreatic Atrophy, Juvenile|juvenile atrophy]]
-*Hypoplastic parenchymal cells do not usually contain lipofuscin, which can be seen in atrophic cells
 [[Category:Pancreas - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Pancreatic Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Pancreatic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Pancreatic Diseases - Dog]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
+[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]