Difference between revisions of "Muscles Developmental - Pathology"
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*Clefts may lead to [[Hernia, Pleuroperitoneal Diaphragmatic|herniation]] of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity in any species | *Clefts may lead to [[Hernia, Pleuroperitoneal Diaphragmatic|herniation]] of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity in any species | ||
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*Unknown cause | *Unknown cause | ||
*Responsible for significant deaths | *Responsible for significant deaths | ||
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**Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin) | **Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin) | ||
**Predisposes to dystocia | **Predisposes to dystocia | ||
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*Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|regeneration]], [[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]] | *Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|regeneration]], [[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]] | ||
*More about [[Muscular dystrophy]] | *More about [[Muscular dystrophy]] | ||
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**Causes [[Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy|hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] and hepatomegaly | **Causes [[Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy|hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] and hepatomegaly | ||
**Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes | **Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes | ||
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*No clinical significance | *No clinical significance | ||
*Noticed at slaughter or necropsy | *Noticed at slaughter or necropsy | ||
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**Non-specific muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Atrophy|disuse atrophy]] and fibrosis or no changes on histology | **Non-specific muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Atrophy|disuse atrophy]] and fibrosis or no changes on histology | ||
*Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise | *Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise | ||
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===[[Canine Dermatomyositis]]=== | ===[[Canine Dermatomyositis]]=== | ||
Revision as of 17:23, 3 March 2011
Congenital diaphragmatic defects
- Clefts may lead to herniation of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity in any species
Myofibrillar hypoplasia
- In piglets
- = Splayleg
- May spontaneously resolve
- Unknown cause
- Responsible for significant deaths
Hyperplasia of muscle fibres
- In calves and lambs
- “Double muscling”
- Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin)
- Predisposes to dystocia
Muscular dystrophies
- Inherited group of degenerative muscular diseases
- Progressive muscle weakness and wasting
- Usually due to a genetic fault -> muscular protein deficiency
- Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals
- Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier etc.
- Inadequate regeneration, compensatory hypertrophy
- More about Muscular dystrophy
Glycogen storage diseases
- Caused by a deficiency of an enzyme
- See general pathology
- Type II glycogenosis
- Deficiency of acid maltase
- In Shorthorn cattle
- Muscular weakness and incoordination
- Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle, heart and CNS
- Type I and II muscle fibres contain glycogen vacuoles
- Type III glycogenosis
- Deficiency of debranching enzyme
- In dogs
- Causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatomegaly
- Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes
Steatosis
- Also called lipomatosis
- In cattle, sheep and pigs
- Fat replaces lost muscle fibres
- Pale muscle, bilaterally symmetrical
- No clinical significance
- Noticed at slaughter or necropsy
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
- Acquired
- Autoimmune disease
- Antibodies directed against acetyl choline receptors
- Associated with thymomas, megaoesophagus and dysphagia
- In adult dogs
- Autoimmune disease
- Congenital
- Inherited deficiency in acetyl choline receptors
- Rare
- Newfoundland, Jack Russel Terrier, Springer Spaniels – genetic predisposition
- In dogs – 4 DLA genes recognized: DLA-12, DLA-88, DLA-79 and DLA-64
- Associated with HLA gene in humans
- No antibodies against acetyl choline receptors in serum
- Non-specific muscle disuse atrophy and fibrosis or no changes on histology
- Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise