Difference between revisions of "CNS Traumatic Injury - Pathology"

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==Laceration==
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==[[Laceration of Central Nervous System]]==
  
 
* Tearing of the CNS is known as lacreation.
 
* Tearing of the CNS is known as lacreation.
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[[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
 
[[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
  
==Haemorrhage==
+
==[[Haemorrhage of Central Nervous System]]==
  
 
* Haemorrhage may:
 
* Haemorrhage may:
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==Compression==
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==[[Compression of Central Nervous System]]==
 
 
* Compression may arise within or outside the spinal cord.
 
* Causes of compression include:
 
** '''Abscess'''
 
*** Abscesses may be extradural, vertebral or intervertebral.
 
** '''Fracture of vertebral bodies'''
 
*** Traumatic fracture
 
*** Pathological fracture, due to abscess, metabolic causes or neoplasia.
 
** '''Neoplasia'''
 
** '''Intervertebral disk disease'''
 
*** Prolapsed disks can cause acute or chronic compression.
 
** '''Malformations '''
 
*** Wobbler [[Equine Alimentary System  - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]
 
**** Caused by stenotic myelopathy.
 
**** The vertebral canal narrows due to malformation and malarticulation of the cervical vertebrae (usually C3-C4)
 
*** Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in dogs has a similar pathogenesis to wobbler [[Equine Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]
 
*** Atlantoaxial subluxation of toy dogs.
 
**** A hypoplastic dens leads to subluxation.
 
 
 
===Pathology===
 
 
 
* Lesions associated with focal compressive spinal cord injury are similar regardless of cause.
 
 
 
====Gross====
 
 
 
* The spinal cord may be indented or flattened.
 
 
 
====Histological====
 
 
 
* The myelin sheath may balloon in all funiculi.
 
* Axonal swelling and loss is seen.
 
* Macrophages appear within days and remove debris within myelin "digestion chambers".
 
* Neuronal loss, gliosis, malacia and oedema may also be apparent.
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
 

Revision as of 13:02, 8 March 2011

Concussion

Contusion of Central Nervous System

Laceration of Central Nervous System

  • Tearing of the CNS is known as lacreation.
  • This may be caused by
    • Bone within the skull
      • For example, a fractured skull
    • Penetrating objects
      • For example, bullets.
  • Laceration is the most severe and serious form of traumatic injury as it carries the additional risk of contamination or infection.

Haemorrhage of Central Nervous System

  • Haemorrhage may:
    • Follow contusion injury
    • Result from endothelial damage
  • Locations of haemorrhage may be:
    • Epidural
    • Subdural
    • Leptomeningeal
    • Cerebral


Compression of Central Nervous System