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==Overview==

==Overview==

Cranial nerves arise from the brain and [[Hindbrain - Anatomy & Physiology|brain stem]], rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|peripheral nerves]]. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|foramina in the skull]], either individually or in groups. Cranial nerves are traditionally referred to by Roman numerals and these numerals begin cranially and run caudally.

Cranial nerves arise from the [[Equine Brain - Horse Anatomy|brain]] and [[Equine Brain - Horse Anatomy|#Hindbrain|brainstem]], rather than the [[Equine Spinal Cord - Horse Anatomy|spinal cord]]. Nerves arising from the [[Equine Spinal Cord - Horse Anatomy|spinal cord]]are the [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|peripheral nerves]]. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|foramina in the skull]], either individually or in groups. Cranial nerves are traditionally referred to by Roman numerals and these numerals begin cranially and run caudally.

The most cranial nerve is the '''Olfactory nerve (I)''' which runs from the nasal cavity through to the olfactory bulb. The next most cranial is the '''Optic nerve (II)''' which runs from the eyes to the [[Forebrain - Anatomy & Physiology#Thalamus|thalamus]]. Cranial nerves III to XII all exit from the brain stem and innervate the head, neck and organs in the thorax and abdomen. In order of most cranial to caudal, these include the '''Oculomotor nerve (III)''', the '''Trochlear nerve (IV)''', the '''Trigeminal nerve (V)''', the '''Abducens nerve (VI)''', the '''Facial nerve (VII)''', the '''Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)''', the '''Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)''', the '''Vagus nerve (X)''', the '''Accessory nerve (XI)''' and the '''Hypoglossal nerve (XII)'''.  

The most cranial nerve is the '''Olfactory nerve (I)''' which runs from the nasal cavity through to the olfactory bulb. The next most cranial is the '''Optic nerve (II)''' which runs from the eyes to the [[Forebrain - Anatomy & Physiology#Thalamus|thalamus]]. Cranial nerves III to XII all exit from the brain stem and innervate the head, neck and organs in the thorax and abdomen. In order of most cranial to caudal, these include the '''Oculomotor nerve (III)''', the '''Trochlear nerve (IV)''', the '''Trigeminal nerve (V)''', the '''Abducens nerve (VI)''', the '''Facial nerve (VII)''', the '''Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)''', the '''Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)''', the '''Vagus nerve (X)''', the '''Accessory nerve (XI)''' and the '''Hypoglossal nerve (XII)'''.  

Many of the cranial nerves with nuclei within the brain stem contain sensory and motor neurone components. The sensory fibre components have their cell bodies located in ganglia outside the central nervous system and the motor fibre element have their cell bodies within the central nervous system. The'''Olfactory nerve (I)''', '''Optic nerve (II)''' and '''Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)''' are sensory nerves.  The , '''Oculomotor nerve (III)''', '''Trochlear nerve (IV)''','''Abducens nerve (VI)''','''Accessory nerve (XI)''' and '''Hypoglossal nerve (XII)''' are motor nerves. Finally, the '''Trigeminal nerve (V)''', '''Facial nerve (VII)''','''Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)''', and '''Vagus nerve (X)''' are mixed sensory and motor nerves.

Many of the cranial nerves with nuclei within the [[Equine Brain - Horse Anatomy|#Hindbrain|brainstem]] contain sensory and motor neurone components. The sensory fibre components have their cell bodies located in ganglia outside the central nervous system and the motor fibre element have their cell bodies within the central nervous system. The'''Olfactory nerve (I)''', '''Optic nerve (II)''' and '''Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)''' are sensory nerves.  The , '''Oculomotor nerve (III)''', '''Trochlear nerve (IV)''','''Abducens nerve (VI)''','''Accessory nerve (XI)''' and '''Hypoglossal nerve (XII)''' are motor nerves. Finally, the '''Trigeminal nerve (V)''', '''Facial nerve (VII)''','''Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)''', and '''Vagus nerve (X)''' are mixed sensory and motor nerves.

==Olfactory Nerve (I)==

==Olfactory Nerve (I)==