Difference between revisions of "Behaviour Modifying Drugs - Overview"

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Several other drugs are often used to treat behavioural conditions, such as propranolol, phenobarbitone, diazepam and various other common veterinary drugs, however these are not licensed for this purpose.
 
Several other drugs are often used to treat behavioural conditions, such as propranolol, phenobarbitone, diazepam and various other common veterinary drugs, however these are not licensed for this purpose.
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In addition many other drugs are used in behavioural medicine but all are unlicensed for use in any animal species. Examples are listed in the table below, however most uses listed are unapproved, care should therefore be taken with their use:
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In addition many other drugs are used in behavioural medicine but most are unlicensed for use in any animal species. Examples are listed in the table below, however most uses listed are unapproved, care should therefore be taken with their use:
  
  
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INCLUDE USES AND SIDE EFFECTS IN TABLE?
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
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! Class of Drug !! Drugs
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! Class of Drug !! Drugs !! Uses !! Side Effects
 
|-
 
|-
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| Tranquilizers || Acepromazine
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| Tranquilizers || Acepromazine || Sedation/restraint || Hypotension, CNS stimulation, contradictory responses. Caution in boxers and greyhounds
 
|-
 
|-
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| Benzodiazepines || Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam
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| Benzodiazepines || Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam || Anxiety, noise phobias, canine submissive urination, feline urine marking || Sedation, ataxia, increased appetite, paradoxical excitation
 
|-
 
|-
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants || Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Imipramine
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) || Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Imipramine || Anxiety, separation anxiety, canine and feline fear aggression, feline urine marking, feline compulsive grooming, canine stereotypy || Sedation, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, dry mouth, increased thirst, urinary retention
 
|-
 
|-
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors || Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) || Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline || Aggression, canine separation anxiety, compulsive disorders, feline urine marking || Lethargy, inappetence, anorexia, GI effects
 
|-
 
|-
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| Beta Blockers || Propranolol
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| Beta Blockers || Propranolol || Canine fear aggression, noise phobia || Bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, syncope
 
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|-
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| Azapirones || Busiprone
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| Azapirones || Busiprone || Phobia, anxiety, feline urine marking, interact aggression || Uncommon, not sedating
 
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|-
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| Triazolopyridines || Trazodone
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| Triazolopyridines || Trazodone || ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| Anticonvulsants || Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Potassium bromide
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| Anticonvulsants || Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Potassium bromide || Canine and feline compulsive tail chasing, unprovoked canine rage aggression || Lethargy, ataxia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
 
|-
 
|-
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| Hormones || Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate
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| Hormones || Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate || Last resort for aggression and feline urine marking || Polyphagia, polydipsia, sedation, diabete mellitus, pyometra, mammary hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma
 
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|-
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| Glial Modulators || Propentofylline
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| Glial Modulators || Propentofylline || ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors || Selegiline
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| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors || Selegiline || Canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome || GI effects, restlessness or lethargy, anorexia
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 07:37, 26 May 2014


Although many drugs are used to treat behavioural conditions in animals there are only three psychoactive drugs specifically licensed for use in companion animals to treat behavioural problems. These are:

  • Clomipramine (licensed in the dog for treatment of separation anxiety)
  • Selegiline (licensed in the dog for treatment of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome)
  • Fluoxetine (licensed in the dog in the USA for treatment of separation anxiety)

Several other drugs are often used to treat behavioural conditions, such as propranolol, phenobarbitone, diazepam and various other common veterinary drugs, however these are not licensed for this purpose. In addition many other drugs are used in behavioural medicine but most are unlicensed for use in any animal species. Examples are listed in the table below, however most uses listed are unapproved, care should therefore be taken with their use:


Class of Drug Drugs Uses Side Effects
Tranquilizers Acepromazine Sedation/restraint Hypotension, CNS stimulation, contradictory responses. Caution in boxers and greyhounds
Benzodiazepines Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam Anxiety, noise phobias, canine submissive urination, feline urine marking Sedation, ataxia, increased appetite, paradoxical excitation
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Imipramine Anxiety, separation anxiety, canine and feline fear aggression, feline urine marking, feline compulsive grooming, canine stereotypy Sedation, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, dry mouth, increased thirst, urinary retention
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline Aggression, canine separation anxiety, compulsive disorders, feline urine marking Lethargy, inappetence, anorexia, GI effects
Beta Blockers Propranolol Canine fear aggression, noise phobia Bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, syncope
Azapirones Busiprone Phobia, anxiety, feline urine marking, interact aggression Uncommon, not sedating
Triazolopyridines Trazodone
Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Potassium bromide Canine and feline compulsive tail chasing, unprovoked canine rage aggression Lethargy, ataxia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Hormones Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate Last resort for aggression and feline urine marking Polyphagia, polydipsia, sedation, diabete mellitus, pyometra, mammary hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma
Glial Modulators Propentofylline
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Selegiline Canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome GI effects, restlessness or lethargy, anorexia


Drugs such as Acepromazine (ACP) and synthetic hormone analogues like megestrol acetate (Ovarid) have little or no rational use in behavioural therapy for reasons of non-specificity, and adverse effects which make their use unjustifiable.

The first port of call when using medication for behavioural problems should be drugs licensed for veterinary use. These drugs have established data about their efficacy, side effects, contraindications and toxicity which makes expected outcomes more reliable. (Merck)


This article is still under construction.


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