Difference between revisions of "Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology"
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During exercise or during respiratory distress, the mouth can be used as an additional opening of the respiratory system and then the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] also becomes an air-way. | During exercise or during respiratory distress, the mouth can be used as an additional opening of the respiratory system and then the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] also becomes an air-way. | ||
| − | The pharynx can be split into different regions- the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]], oesophageal | + | The pharynx can be split into different regions- the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]], [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] (sometimes referred to as the oesophageal pharynx) and the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] |
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
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*Caudal and dorsal to the laryngeal opening is the opening into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] | *Caudal and dorsal to the laryngeal opening is the opening into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] | ||
| − | *In the dorsal region of the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| | + | *In the dorsal region of the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] there are paired openings into the Auditory (Eustacian) Tubes |
| − | *The lining of the middle ear cavity and auditory tube is continuous with that of the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| | + | *The lining of the middle ear cavity and auditory tube is continuous with that of the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] |
*Walls are muscular | *Walls are muscular | ||
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*During [[Deglutition|swallowing]] the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] is raised which divided the pharynx into dorsal and ventral sections | *During [[Deglutition|swallowing]] the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] is raised which divided the pharynx into dorsal and ventral sections | ||
**Laterally, two pairs of palatopharyngeal arches are present from the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] to the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] | **Laterally, two pairs of palatopharyngeal arches are present from the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] to the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] | ||
| − | **The dorsal compartment is the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| | + | **The dorsal compartment is the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] |
**The rostral compartment is the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] | **The rostral compartment is the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] | ||
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'''Canine''' | '''Canine''' | ||
| − | *Single duct connects [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| | + | *Single duct connects [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] to the nasal cavity |
*Tonsils are a compact mass which point away from the lumen of the pharynx | *Tonsils are a compact mass which point away from the lumen of the pharynx | ||
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[[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology]] | [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] | ||
<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | ||
Revision as of 16:54, 29 July 2008
Introduction
The pharynx is part of both the respiratory and digestive system. Both systems have entrances to the pharynx but they are separated from each other by the soft palate.
During exercise or during respiratory distress, the mouth can be used as an additional opening of the respiratory system and then the oropharynx also becomes an air-way.
The pharynx can be split into different regions- the oropharynx, laryngeal pharynx (sometimes referred to as the oesophageal pharynx) and the nasopharynx
Structure
- Opening of the larynx is on the floor of the pharynx
- Caudal and dorsal to the laryngeal opening is the opening into the oesophagus
- In the dorsal region of the nasopharynx there are paired openings into the Auditory (Eustacian) Tubes
- The lining of the middle ear cavity and auditory tube is continuous with that of the nasopharynx
- Walls are muscular
- Located between the base of the skull and the first two cervical vertebrae dorsally
- larynx ventrally
- Mandible, pterygoid muscles and hyoid apparatus laterally
- During swallowing the soft palate is raised which divided the pharynx into dorsal and ventral sections
- Laterally, two pairs of palatopharyngeal arches are present from the soft palate to the oesophagus
- The dorsal compartment is the nasopharynx
- The rostral compartment is the oropharynx
- The laryngeal pharynx is separated from the oropharynx by the epiglottis
- Tonsils are present on the lateral walls of the oropharynx
- Covered by flaps of mucosa
- Partially visible in the open mouth
Function
Vasculature
Innervation
Lymphatics
Histology
Species Differences
Canine
- Single duct connects nasopharynx to the nasal cavity
- Tonsils are a compact mass which point away from the lumen of the pharynx
Equine
- Auditory tube opens into the gutteral pouch
- Tonsils are diffuse and raised slightly
Ruminants
- Tonsils are a compact mass which point towards the lumen of the pharynx
Links
Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology
Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology