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Vaccines (view source)

Revision as of 12:36, 6 September 2008

50 bytes added ,  12:36, 6 September 2008
→‎What do we vaccinate with?
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==What do we vaccinate with?==
 
==What do we vaccinate with?==
 
[[Image:Passive Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Passive Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Passive Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Passive Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
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'''Passive immunisation'''
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===Passive immunisation===
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*Advantages:
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'''Advantages'''
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**Immediate protection
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*Immediate protection
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*Disadvantages:
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'''Disadvantages:'''
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**Short duration of action
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*Short duration of action
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***Temporary protection by the administration of preformed antibody from another individual of the same or of a different species
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**Temporary protection by the administration of preformed antibody from another individual of the same or of a different species
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***The aquired antibodies are used in combination with antigen and catabolised by the body meaning protection is gradually lost
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**The aquired antibodies are used in combination with antigen and catabolised by the body meaning protection is gradually lost
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**Injection of antiserum may cause an allergic response
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*Injection of antiserum may cause an allergic response
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**Antiserum contains many antibodies not just the specific antobodies needed
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*Antiserum contains many antibodies not just the specific antobodies needed
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*Administer antibodies
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'''Types of antibodies administered:'''
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**Maternally-derived antibodies in colostrum
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*Maternally-derived antibodies in colostrum
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**Antiserum (artificial)
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*Antiserum (artificial)
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***The antigen (and often an adjuvant) is injected into the host animal
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**The antigen (and often an adjuvant) is injected into the host animal
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***The immune system of that animal synthesised antibodies
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**The immune system of that animal synthesised antibodies
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***Repeated injections at intervals increases the total antibody production
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**Repeated injections at intervals increases the total antibody production
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***The immunised animal is bled and the serum collected which contains the newly made antibodies. The serum is called '''antiserum'''.
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**The immunised animal is bled and the serum collected which contains the newly made antibodies. The serum is called '''antiserum'''.
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***The serum can then be injected into a different animal to confer passive immunisation
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**The serum can then be injected into a different animal to confer passive immunisation
    
*Example of when passive immunisation is used:
 
*Example of when passive immunisation is used:
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<br>
 
<br>
 
[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
 
[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
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'''Active immunisation'''
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===Active immunisation===
 
*Administer antigen so the patient develops its own antibodies to protect against disease
 
*Administer antigen so the patient develops its own antibodies to protect against disease
 
**Living organisms
 
**Living organisms
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**DNA
 
**DNA
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'''Advantages'''
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*Long duration of action
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'''Disadvantages'''
 
*Delay in protection
 
*Delay in protection
    
*Often needs two or more doses
 
*Often needs two or more doses
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  −
*Long duration of action
      
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
 
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
Nabrown
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