Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"
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|linkpage =Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood | |linkpage =Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood | ||
|linktext =HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS | |linktext =HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS | ||
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|pagetype =Blood | |pagetype =Blood | ||
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| − | + | ===Host invasion=== | |
| − | == | + | <FlashCard questions="1"> |
| − | + | |q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? | |
| − | + | |a1= | |
| − | + | *Contact | |
| − | + | *Aerosol | |
| − | + | *Orofecal | |
| − | + | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | </FlashCard> |
| − | * | + | ===Viruses=== |
| − | * | + | <FlashCard questions="8"> |
| − | * | + | |q1=Naked viruses contain only...? |
| − | | | + | |a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat |
| − | + | |l1=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins | |
| − | + | |a2= | |
| − | == | + | *Protection of the genome |
| − | + | *Attachment to host cell | |
| − | + | *Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane | |
| − | + | |l2=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q3=Name the two main innate defences against viral infection | |
| − | + | |a3= | |
| − | + | *Interferon | |
| − | | | + | *Natural killer cells |
| − | + | |l3=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | |q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? |
| − | + | |a4=IgA | |
| − | + | |l4=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | |q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? |
| − | * | + | |a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating |
| − | * | + | |l5=Viruses - WikiBlood |
| − | * | + | |q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? |
| − | | | + | |a6=Virolysis |
| − | + | |l6=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | |
| − | | | + | |a7= |
| − | * | + | *Blocking the virus receptor |
| − | * | + | *Lysis of infected cells |
| − | | | + | *Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells |
| − | + | |l7=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? | |
| − | | | + | |a8= |
| − | + | *IFN-γ | |
| − | | | + | *TNF |
| − | + | |l8=Viruses - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | </FlashCard> | |
| − | | | + | ===Bacteria=== |
| − | + | <FlashCard questions="8"> | |
| − | | | + | |q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
| − | + | |a1= | |
| − | + | *Few repeated sequences | |
| − | | | + | *Most of the DNA is transcibed |
| − | + | *No intervening sequences within structural genes | |
| − | | | + | |l1=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
| − | + | |q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | |
| − | + | |a2=Flagella | |
| − | | | + | |l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
| − | * | + | |q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... |
| − | * | + | |a2=Gram-negative |
| − | * | + | |l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
| − | | | + | |q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... |
| − | + | |a3=Cocci | |
| − | + | |l3=Bacteria - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | |q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... |
| − | * | + | |a4=Rods or bacilli |
| − | * | + | |l4=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
| − | | | + | |q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? |
| − | + | |a5=Koch's postulates | |
| − | + | |l5=Bacteria - WikiBlood | |
| − | == | + | |q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? |
| − | + | |a6=Endotoxin shock | |
| − | + | |l6=Bacteria - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | |
| − | + | |a7=Binary fission | |
| − | + | |l7=Bacteria - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | |
| − | | | + | |a8= |
| − | * | + | *Transformation |
| − | * | + | *Transduction |
| − | * | + | *Conjugation |
| − | | | + | |l8=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
| − | + | </FlashCard> | |
| − | + | ===Parasites=== | |
| − | | | + | <FlashCard questions="6"> |
| − | + | |q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | |
| − | | | + | |a1=Eukaryotic |
| − | + | |l1=Parasites - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | |
| − | | | + | |a2= |
| − | + | *Nematodes | |
| − | | | + | *Platyhelminthes |
| − | + | |l2=Parasites - WikiBlood | |
| − | + | |q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | |
| − | | | + | |a3=Eosinophils |
| − | + | |l3=Parasites - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | |q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa |
| − | + | |a4=Th1 | |
| − | + | |l4=Parasites - WikiBlood | |
| − | | | + | |q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? |
| − | + | |a5=Th2 | |
| − | | | + | |l5=Parasites - WikiBlood |
| − | + | |q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | |
| − | + | |a6= | |
| − | | | + | *Directly damaging protozoa |
| − | + | *Activating complement | |
| − | | | + | *Blocking attachment to host cells |
| − | + | *Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | |
| − | + | *Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | |
| − | | | + | |l6=Parasites - WikiBlood |
| − | + | </FlashCard> | |
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Revision as of 10:54, 20 February 2010
|
Host invasion
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? |
|
Link to Article | |
Viruses
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Naked viruses contain only...? | RNA/DNA and protein coat
|
Link to Article | |
| Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name the two main innate defences against viral infection |
|
Link to Article | |
| Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | IgA
|
Link to Article | |
| What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | Virolysis
|
Link to Article | |
| When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | Gram-negative
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | Cocci
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | Rods or bacilli
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | Koch's postulates
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | Endotoxin shock
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
|
Link to Article | |
| By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? |
|
Link to Article | |
Parasites
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | Eukaryotic
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | Eosinophils
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | Th1
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | Th2
|
Link to Article | |
| How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? |
|
Link to Article | |