Difference between revisions of "Helminth Flashcards"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 66: Line 66:
 
*'''''Flies'''''
 
*'''''Flies'''''
 
||[[Insecta#Complex Metamorphosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
||[[Insecta#Complex Metamorphosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
 
 
==<font color="purple">Fleas</font>==
 
 
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is the most common species of flea which infects cats and dogs?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Ctenocephalides felis'''''
 
*'''''Cat flea'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Ctenocephalides felis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Which flea only has pronotal combs?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Ceratophyllus gallinae'''''
 
*'''''Poultry flea'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Ceratophyllus gallinae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the key features of ''Pulex irritans''?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''No combs'''''
 
*'''''Head rounded anteriorly'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Pulex irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How is the life cycle of ''Spilopsyllus cuniculi'' scynchronised with their main hosts the rabbit?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Shortly before the doe gives birth the adult fleas attach to the ears of the rabbit and feed producing a lot of faeces'''''
 
*'''''After parturition the adult fleas move onto the kittens where they feed, mate and lay eggs'''''
 
*'''''The new adult fleas emerge from the pupa before the kittens leave the nest'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Spilopsyllus cuniculi|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How long do adult fleas live?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''7-10 days'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What do flea eggs look like?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Ivory-white'''''
 
*'''''Oval shaped'''''
 
*'''''0.5mm long'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Which life cycle stage is negatively phototropic and what does this mean?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Larvae'''''
 
*'''''Crawl away from light sources'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is the name of the flea juvenile hormone?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Methoprene'''''
 
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|}
 
 
==<font color="purple">Lice</font>==
 
 
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the characteristics of chewing lice?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Broad head'''''
 
*'''''Rasping mouthparts'''''
 
*'''''Thorax narrower than head'''''
 
||[[Lice#Mallophaga|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: Chewing lice are found on both mammals and birds?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''True'''''
 
*'''''Occurs on both mammals and birds'''''
 
||[[Lice#Mallophaga|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the characteristics of sucking lice?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Narrow head'''''
 
*'''''Piercing mouthparts'''''
 
*'''''Thorax wider than head'''''
 
*'''''Powerful legs'''''
 
||[[Lice#Anoplura|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: Sucking lice are found on both mammals and birds?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''False'''''
 
*'''''Occurs on mammals only'''''
 
||[[Lice#Anoplura|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How long does the louse life cycle take?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''2-3 weeks'''''
 
||[[Lice#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is the name of the generalised condition lice cause?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Pediculosis'''''
 
||[[Lice#Pediculosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Which species is affected by only sucking lice?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Pigs'''''
 
||[[Lice#Pigs|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Are birds affected by sucking or chewing lice?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Chewing'''''
 
||[[Lice#Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: Mallophaga are more susceptible to systemic insecticides than Alloplura?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''False'''''
 
*'''''Anopleura lice are more susceptible to systemic insecticide treatment'''''
 
||[[Lice#Control|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|}
 
 
==<font color="purple">Nuisance Flies</font>==
 
 
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the two ''Muscidae'' species of veterinary importance?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Hydrotaea irritans'''''
 
**'''''Head fly'''''
 
*'''''Musca spp.'''''
 
**'''''Face and house flies'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is the main difference between biting and nuisance flies?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Nuisance flies have sponge-like labellum mouthparts'''''
 
*'''''Biting flies have pointed mouthparts for sucking blood'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How do ''Musca'' spp. cause production losses?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Fly worry'''''
 
*'''''Reduced weight gain'''''
 
*'''''Reduced milk yield'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Give some examples of disease ''Musca' spp. transmit'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Viruses'''''
 
**'''''E.g. Enteroviridae'''''
 
*'''''Bacteria'''''
 
**'''''E.g. Anthrax'''''
 
*'''''Helminths'''''
 
**'''''E.g. Habronema'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: ''H. irritans'' larvae undergo diapause?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''True'''''
 
*'''''Larvae undergo diapause and pupate in spring'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Hydrotaea irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What problems can ''H. irritans'' cause in livestock?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Summer mastitis in cattle'''''
 
*'''''Broken Head in sheep'''''
 
*'''''Can increase the incidence of secondary blowfly stirke'''''
 
||[[Nuisance Flies#Hydrotaea irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|}
 
 
==<font color="purple">Biting Flies</font>==
 
 
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Is ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' a visiting or resident biting fly?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Visiting'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the main recognisable features of ''Stomoxys calcitrans''?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Forward pointing proboscis'''''
 
*'''''Grey colouring'''''
 
*'''''Grey stripes on thorax and black spots on abdomen'''''
 
*'''''Clear wings'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How do ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' cause production losses?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Decrease milk production'''''
 
*'''''Decrease weight gain'''''
 
*'''''Cause fly worry'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Which retrovirus is ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' a vector for?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Equine infectious anaemia'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is ''Haematoba irritans'' more commonly known as?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''The horn fly'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Haematoba irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Why is ''Haematoba irritans'' easier to control than visiting biting flies?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Is a resident fly'''''
 
*'''''Spends more time in contact with the host'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Haematoba irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the three most important species of ''Tabanidae''?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Tabanus'''''
 
*'''''Chrysops'''''
 
*'''''Haematopota'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Tabanidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How could you identify ''Tabanidae'' species solely on looking at their wing venation?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Closed discal cell wing venation'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Tabanidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Why do ''Simuliidae'' species have a hump-backed appearance?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Arched thorax produced a hump-backed appearance'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Simuliidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Why is the life cycle of ''Simuliidae'' species?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water'''''
 
*'''''Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate'''''
 
*'''''Conical shaped cocoon'''''
 
*'''''Adults emerge en masse'''''
 
*'''''Life cycle takes one month to complete'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Simuliidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Glossinidae'' species more commonly known as and which trypanosomal disease do they transmit to humans?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Tsetse flies'''''
 
*'''''Sleeping sickness'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Glossinidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Why are ''Ceratopogonidae'' species a problem to livestock'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Causes sweet-itch in horses'''''
 
*'''''Are vectors for blue tongue'''''
 
*'''''Vectors for parasites such as Onchocerca in cattle'''''
 
*'''''Cause skin infections in livestock'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Ceratopogonidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Culicidae'' species better known as?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Mosquitos'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Culicidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: Both male and female ''Culicidae'' suck blood?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''False'''''
 
*'''''Only female mosquitos suck blood'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Culicidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Psychodidae'' the main vectors for?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Leishmaniasis'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Psychodidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Hippobosca'' more commonly known as?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Forest flies'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Hippobosca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Melophagus'' more commonly known as?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Sheep ked'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the main recognisable features of ''Melophagus'' species?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Hairy'''''
 
*'''''Reddish-brown colouring'''''
 
*'''''Forward pointing proboscis'''''
 
*'''''Narrown head'''''
 
*'''''Dorso-ventrally flattened'''''
 
*'''''Wingless'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Are ''Melophagus'' species resident or visiting flies?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Resident'''''
 
*'''''Spend the entire life cycle on the host'''''
 
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|}
 
 
==<font color="purple">Myiasis Producing Flies</font>==
 
 
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is myiasis?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''The parasitism of living animals by dipteran larvae'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Are ''Oestridae'' species obligatory or facultative parasites?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Obligatory'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Hypoderma'' species more commonly known as and what do they look like?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Warble flies'''''
 
*'''''Look like bumble bees'''''
 
**'''''Yellow abdomen'''''
 
**'''''Band of black hairs'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Where in the body are the winter resting sites of ''Hypoderma'' species?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Epidural fat in the spinal canal for H. bovis'''''
 
*'''''Wall of the oesophagus for H. lineatum '''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How many generations of warble flies are there per year?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''One'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Why are warble flies a problem?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Cause production losses'''''
 
*'''''Cause myositis'''''
 
*'''''Causes paraplegia'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are ''Oestrus ovis'' species also known as?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Sheep nasal bot flies'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How are the ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae distinguished?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Distinct black bands on each body segment'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''If ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae are deposited in late summer, where in the sheep can they overwinter?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''In the nasal cavity'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''True or False: ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae cause true gid in sheep?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''False'''''
 
*'''''Larvae cause false gid'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the three main species of ''Gasterophilus'' in the UK, also known as the horse bot fly?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''G. intestinalis'''''
 
*'''''G. nasalis'''''
 
*'''''G. haemorrhoidalis'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Where does ''Gasterophilus'' species lay their eggs on the horse?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''G. intestinalis lays its eggs in the hair around the shoulders and fore legs'''''
 
*'''''G. nasalis lays its eggs in the intermandibular area'''''
 
*'''''G. haemorrhoidalis lays its eggs around the lips'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the ''Gasterophilus'' larvae called once they have attached to the gastric mucosa?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Bots'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Where do ''Dermatobia hominis'' lay their eggs?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''On blood sucking flies'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Dermatobia hominis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How long is the life cycle of ''Dermatobia hominis''?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''4 months'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Dermatobia hominis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Are ''Calliphoridae'' species obligatory or facultative parsites?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Facultative'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What is the name of the condition caused by ''Calliphoridae''?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Blowfly strike'''''
 
*'''''If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be blown'''''
 
*'''''The damage the larvae causes to the animal is known as strike'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''Where are blowfly eggs laid on an animal?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''On soiled fleece'''''
 
*'''''On carrion'''''
 
*'''''In wounds'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''How many generations of blowflies develop per year?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Up to 4 per year in temperate climates'''''
 
*'''''Up to 10 per year in warmer climates'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What factors influence the prevalence of blowfly strike?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Temperature'''''
 
*'''''Rainfall'''''
 
*'''''Host suceptibility'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|-
 
|<big>'''What are the recognisable features of ''Wohlfahrtia'' species?'''
 
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
*'''''Pale grey colouring'''''
 
*'''''Black striped on thorax and black spots on abdomen'''''
 
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Wohlfahrtia sp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 19:39, 16 May 2009

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
HELMINTHS
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Cestodes

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about cestodes A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (strobila) of progressively maturing reproductive units called proglottids anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the scolex. Link to Answer Article
What are halteres?
  • Reduced pair of wings
  • Used for balance
  • Possessed by diperan flies
Link to Answer Article
What are spiracles?
  • Chitinous openings
  • On the side of the body
  • Under muscular control so can open and close at will
  • Mounted on stimatic plates
  • Leads to trachea
  • Can be used for species identification
Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the general insect body system?
  • Haemocoele
Link to Answer Article
What are oviparous insects?
  • Lay eggs outside of the body which hatch after deposition
Link to Answer Article
What are viviparous insects?
  • Lay larvae or nymphs
  • Eggs rupture in female reproductive system
Link to Answer Article
Summarise simple metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Nymph emerges from egg
  • Nymph grows and moults
  • Nymph becomes an adult
  • Lice
Link to Answer Article
Summarise complex metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Larva emerges from egg
  • Larva grows and moults
  • Larva pupates
  • Adult emerges from pupa
  • Flies
Link to Answer Article