Difference between revisions of "Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma"
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | A highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. May also lead to paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide. | + | A highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. May also lead to paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide. The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize. |
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===History and Clinical Signs=== | ===History and Clinical Signs=== | ||
See [[Anal Sac Disease - General - WikiClinical|Anal Sac Disease - General]] | See [[Anal Sac Disease - General - WikiClinical|Anal Sac Disease - General]] | ||
| + | |||
Also: | Also: | ||
*Flattened stools | *Flattened stools | ||
*Pernieal swelling | *Pernieal swelling | ||
*Hypercalcaemia signs including polydipsia and polyuria. | *Hypercalcaemia signs including polydipsia and polyuria. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Biochemistry=== | ||
| + | To assess: | ||
| + | *Calcium | ||
| + | *Phosphate | ||
| + | *Renal function | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Thoracic radiographs=== | ||
| + | At least two views to check for thoracic metastases. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Abdominal imaging=== | ||
| + | Caudal abdominal radiographs or abdominal ultrasound to assess the medial iliac lymph nodes for metastases. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
| + | The treatment of choice is surgical excision if the patient is normocalcaemic without any metastases. The success will depend upon the size of the mass. | ||
| + | ===Treatment of Hypercalcaemia=== | ||
| + | High fluid rates of 0.9% saline to diurese calcium. Furosemide should be administered (2mg/kg intravenously) once the patient in normocalcaemic. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
| + | Potential postoperative complications include infection, wound dehiscence, faecal incontinence and in 25% of cases, local recurrence. Hypercalcaemia reoccurs in 35-50% of cases due to metastases. Serum calcium levels should therefore be reguarly along with evidence of mass regrowth. Post-op survival ranges between 2 and 39 months with the average being 8 months | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:02, 19 August 2009
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Signalment
Have only been confirmed in dogs although they may occur in cats. Predisposed breeds include:
English Cocker Spaniels
Springer Spaniels
Daschunds
Alaskan Malamutes
German Shepherds
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and mixed-breed dogs
- Mainly older bitches (90%)
Description
A highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. May also lead to paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide. The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize.
Diagnosis
History and Clinical Signs
See Anal Sac Disease - General
Also:
- Flattened stools
- Pernieal swelling
- Hypercalcaemia signs including polydipsia and polyuria.
Biochemistry
To assess:
- Calcium
- Phosphate
- Renal function
Thoracic radiographs
At least two views to check for thoracic metastases.
Abdominal imaging
Caudal abdominal radiographs or abdominal ultrasound to assess the medial iliac lymph nodes for metastases.
Treatment
The treatment of choice is surgical excision if the patient is normocalcaemic without any metastases. The success will depend upon the size of the mass.
Treatment of Hypercalcaemia
High fluid rates of 0.9% saline to diurese calcium. Furosemide should be administered (2mg/kg intravenously) once the patient in normocalcaemic.
Prognosis
Potential postoperative complications include infection, wound dehiscence, faecal incontinence and in 25% of cases, local recurrence. Hypercalcaemia reoccurs in 35-50% of cases due to metastases. Serum calcium levels should therefore be reguarly along with evidence of mass regrowth. Post-op survival ranges between 2 and 39 months with the average being 8 months
References
Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition) BSAVA
Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual