Normal Teeth - Donkey

Evolution and tooth physiology

Normal permanent incisors (Image courtesy of The Donkey Sanctuary)

Normal ventral curve (Image courtesy of The Donkey Sanctuary)

Normal teeth (Image courtesy of The Donkey Sanctuary)

Normal position of teeth within the skull (Image courtesy of The Donkey Sanctuary)

Since donkeys evolved as browsers in often harsh, arid environments, it would be expected that their teeth would be sufficiently hard to resist the likely increased rate of dental attrition caused by the high levels of silicates and phytoliths (sand-like particles) on the herbage they had to survive on. There is anecdotal evidence that the ‘floating’ (rasping) of donkey dental overgrowths is more difficult than for horses. However, studies have yet to be made to confirm these suspicions. Micro-hardness of horse dental tissue has been assessed in Thoroughbred, draught and Arab breeds, with the Arab breed having significantly harder teeth.

Ageing

A study of 63 donkeys of known age found eruption times of deciduous and permanent incisors to be later than for horses, and the appearance of the dental star on permanent incisors to be earlier than horses. Other authors have reported that corner incisors will often not come fully into wear until nine to ten years of age, and that the occlusal surface of upper incisors with a ‘seagull wing’ or ‘smile’ appearance that are present when donkeys reach their early teens may still be present when donkeys are over 20 years of age. Galvayne’s groove, dental hooks and length of clinical crown were all found to be unreliable measures for estimating age in donkeys.

References

• Dacre, I., Dixon, P. and Gosden, L. (2008) Dental problems In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 5

DONKEY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DENTAL PROBLEMS

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