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Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 12:40, 14 May 2010
, 12:40, 14 May 2010no edit summary
*Synonym: '''Shipping fever'''
*Synonym: '''Shipping fever'''
*Caused by [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia haemolytica'' biotype A serotype 1 (90%) and ''Pasteurella multocida'']]
*Caused by [[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia haemolytica'' biotype A serotype 1 (90%)]] and ''[[Pasteurella multocida]]''
*In young, growing cattle
*In young, growing cattle
*In clinically normal cattle ''Mann. haemolytica'' serotype 2 is present in low numbers, only in nasal cavity and tonsils
*In clinically normal cattle ''Mann. haemolytica'' serotype 2 is present in low numbers, only in nasal cavity and tonsils
***[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Bovine herpes viruses]]
***[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Bovine herpes viruses]]
**Bacteria
**Bacteria
***[[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]]
***[[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]]
***[[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']]
***[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']]
***[[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']]
***[[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']]
***''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''
***''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''
===Enzootic pneumonia of lambs===
===Enzootic pneumonia of lambs===
*Caused by [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella (Manheimia) haemolytica'']], possibly together with [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae'']]
*Caused by [[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella (Manheimia) haemolytica'']], possibly together with [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae'']]
*Mainly in late spring/early summer after environmental stress i.e. handling or moving
*Mainly in late spring/early summer after environmental stress i.e. handling or moving
*May be acute with producing a fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and associated [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
*May be acute with producing a fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and associated [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
**''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]''
**''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]''
***Appears to facilitate colonisation of nasal epithelium by the toxigenic ''Pasteurella''
***Appears to facilitate colonisation of nasal epithelium by the toxigenic ''Pasteurella''
**Toxin-producing strain of [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|
**Toxin-producing strain of [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']] capsular type D (or sometimes A)
''Pasteurella multocida'']] capsular type D (or sometimes A)
***Experimental evidence shows that the toxin acts directly on bone cells of the nasal turbinates to cause bone loss, each pathogen can cause atrophy itself but greater damage when together
***Experimental evidence shows that the toxin acts directly on bone cells of the nasal turbinates to cause bone loss, each pathogen can cause atrophy itself but greater damage when together
*Exacerbated by adverse dietary and managemental factors
*Exacerbated by adverse dietary and managemental factors
*2 forms of the disease
*2 forms of the disease
**''''Progressive' atrophic rhinitis'''
**''''Progressive' atrophic rhinitis'''
***Due to infection of the nasal turbinates by P.multocida strains carrying the toxA gene that encodes for an osteolytic toxin. [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''P.multocida'']] adheres poorly to mucous membranes, and therefore requires a predisposing nasal insult to assist colonisation eg: co-infection with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B.bronchiseptica'']] or [[Cytomegalovirus|Porcine cytomegalovirus (inclusion body rhinitis)]]
***Due to infection of the nasal turbinates by P.multocida strains carrying the toxA gene that encodes for an osteolytic toxin. [[Pasteurella multocida|''P.multocida'']] adheres poorly to mucous membranes, and therefore requires a predisposing nasal insult to assist colonisation eg: co-infection with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B.bronchiseptica'']] or [[Cytomegalovirus|Porcine cytomegalovirus (inclusion body rhinitis)]]
***Turbinate bone atrophy is permanent and progressive
***Turbinate bone atrophy is permanent and progressive
**''''Non-progressive' atrophic rhinitis'''
**''''Non-progressive' atrophic rhinitis'''
*Cough, reduced growth rate
*Cough, reduced growth rate
*Attached to cilia - no [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary clearance]]
*Attached to cilia - no [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary clearance]]
*Usually non-fatal unless there is secondary infection (e.g. [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']])
*Usually non-fatal unless there is secondary infection (e.g. [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']])
*Gross pathology:
*Gross pathology:
**Confluent consolidation of the cranioventral lung lobes
**Confluent consolidation of the cranioventral lung lobes
===Pasteurellosis in pigs===
===Pasteurellosis in pigs===
*[[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs
*[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs
*The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]
*The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]
**This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] with abscessation and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
**This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] with abscessation and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
===Snuffles===
===Snuffles===
*Caused by [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']], less commonly and/or ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]''
*Caused by [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], less commonly and/or ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]''
*Clinical signs (nasal discharge, sneezing) result from an acute to chronic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]]
*Clinical signs (nasal discharge, sneezing) result from an acute to chronic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]]