Difference between revisions of "CNS Vasculature - Anatomy & Physiology"
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Blood is supplied to the brain by the '''internal carotid artery''' in dogs and horses. In the other domestic species the main blood supply is from branches of the '''maxillary artery'''. | Blood is supplied to the brain by the '''internal carotid artery''' in dogs and horses. In the other domestic species the main blood supply is from branches of the '''maxillary artery'''. | ||
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The '''circle of Willis''' (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. | The '''circle of Willis''' (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. | ||
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'''5. Left and right posterior communicating artery''' | '''5. Left and right posterior communicating artery''' | ||
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The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, though they supply the brain, are not considered part of the circle. | The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, though they supply the brain, are not considered part of the circle. | ||
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'''4. The connection of the vertibral artery to the internal carotid artery''' | '''4. The connection of the vertibral artery to the internal carotid artery''' | ||
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====Dog, man and many other species==== | ====Dog, man and many other species==== | ||
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* A mixture of maxillary and vertibral blood reaches '''all parts of the brain'''. | * A mixture of maxillary and vertibral blood reaches '''all parts of the brain'''. | ||
| − | [[Category:Nervous System]] | + | [[Category:Nervous System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
Revision as of 12:03, 9 November 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Blood is supplied to the brain by the internal carotid artery in dogs and horses. In the other domestic species the main blood supply is from branches of the maxillary artery.
The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain.
Arteries which make the circle are:
1. Left and right inferior cerebral artery
2. Anterior communicating artery
3. Left and right internal carotid artery
4. Left and right posterior cerebral artery
5. Left and right posterior communicating artery
The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, though they supply the brain, are not considered part of the circle.
The arrangement of the Circle of Willis means that if one part of the circle becomes blocked or narrowed (stenosed) or one of the arteries supplying the circle is stenosed, blood flow from the other blood vessels can continue to provide a continuous supply of blood to the brain.
Rete Mirable
- A rete mirabile is a complex network of arteries and veins lying very close to each other.
- The rete mirabile depends on a countercurrent blood flow between the arterioles and venuoles (blood flowing in opposite directions).
- It exchanges heat, ions, or gases between vessel walls so that the two bloodstreams within the rete maintain a gradient.
The image shows the countercurrent exchange in the carotid rete mirable (carotid rete) of a sheep controlling the temperature of blood supplied to the brain.
Species Differences
Blood supply to the brain has major differences within the species. The 4 potential channels supplying the cerebral arterial circle are:
1. The internal carotid artery
2. The basiliar artery
3. The anastomosing ramus from the maxillary artery to the internal carotid artery
4. The connection of the vertibral artery to the internal carotid artery
Dog, man and many other species
- Channels 1 + 2 supply the arterial circle.
- Neither channel has a rete mirable.
- Internal carotid blood reaches all of the cerebral hemisphere except for it's most caudal part.
- Vertebral blood supplies the the remainder of the cerebral hemisphere and the rest of the brain.
Sheep and cat
- Only channel 3 supplies the arterial circle.
- Channel 3 has a rete mirable.
- Channel 2 carries blood away from the arterial circle.
- Maxillary blood is distributed to all of the brain except the caudal part of medulla oblongata, which is supplied by vertibral blood.
Ox
- Channels 3 + 4 both supply the arterial circle.
- Each has a rete mirable.
- Channel 2 carries blood away from the arterial circle.
- A mixture of maxillary and vertibral blood reaches all parts of the brain.