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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Ethylene Glycol is a sweet tasting fluid that is the main constituent of anti-freeze products.<ref name="multiple">'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''', ''Lippencott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>. Consequently in colder climates ethylene glycol toxicity is frequently encountered in practice. It has a relatively low minimum lethal dose, and its sweet, palatable taste makes it attractive to dogs, cats and other small animals. <ref name="multiple">'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition),''lippencott, Williams and Wilkins </ref>,    <ref name="multiple">'''Canine Medicine and Therapeutics''' (Fourth Edition, 1998),''Blackwell Science''</ref>

Ethylene Glycol is a sweet tasting fluid that is the main constituent of anti-freeze products.<ref name="multiple">'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''', ''Lippencott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>. Consequently in colder climates ethylene glycol toxicity is frequently encountered in practice. It has a relatively low minimum lethal dose, and its sweet, palatable taste makes it attractive to dogs, cats and other small animals. <ref>'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition),''lippencott, Williams and Wilkins </ref>,     

 

 

===Pathology===

===Pathology===

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Ethylene Glycol is a weak acid. Therefore in order to increase the rate of renal clearance sodium bicarbonate can be administered to dogs. Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate at a concentration of 1-2 mmol/kg every 3 to 6 hours achieves sufficient alkalinisation of the urine.<ref name="multiple">'''Canine Medicine and Therapeutics''' (Fourth Edition, 1998),''Blackwell Science'', p1049 </ref>

Ethylene Glycol is a weak acid. Therefore in order to increase the rate of renal clearance sodium bicarbonate can be administered to dogs. Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate at a concentration of 1-2 mmol/kg every 3 to 6 hours achieves sufficient alkalinisation of the urine.<ref>'''Canine Medicine and Therapeutics''' (Fourth Edition, 1998),''Blackwell Science'', p1049 </ref>

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

==References==

==References==

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