Difference between revisions of "Feline Calicivirus"
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A single serotype has been identified which typically has antigenic variations. | A single serotype has been identified which typically has antigenic variations. | ||
| − | + | Recent strains of the virus have been shown to cause systemic disease, where the initial upper respiratory signs are followed by: | |
| − | Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease | + | *Severe pyrexia |
| − | + | *Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs | |
| − | + | *Skin ulcers | |
| − | + | *Icterus and Petchiae | |
| − | + | The mortality rate of recently emerging strains can be as high as 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age. Conventional vaccination are thought to be ineffective against these strains. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
====Diagnosis==== | ====Diagnosis==== | ||
Revision as of 12:14, 10 November 2010
Introduction
The normal hosts for this virus are domestic cats and cheetahs. The virus has a high morbidity/low mortality rate, but affected animals can be further compromised by concurrent infection. The incubation period is 2-10 days.
Clinical signs include:
- Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm)
- Nasal and ocular discharge
- Sneezing
- Anorexia
Variable signs include:
- Pyrexia
- Dyspnoea
- Conjunctivitis
- Rhinitis
- Tracheitis
- Pneumonia
Differential Diagnoses may include:
- Feline Herpes
- Clamydophila felis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
Recovery can be followed by carrier status
Epidemiology
FCV is endemic worldwide. Transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions of carrier cats or indirect contact via drinking bowls, etc. Clinical disease is most frequently seen in kittens; active immunity is generally present in animals over 1 year of age. Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur.
Antigenicity
A single serotype has been identified which typically has antigenic variations.
Recent strains of the virus have been shown to cause systemic disease, where the initial upper respiratory signs are followed by:
- Severe pyrexia
- Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs
- Skin ulcers
- Icterus and Petchiae
The mortality rate of recently emerging strains can be as high as 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age. Conventional vaccination are thought to be ineffective against these strains.
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials
- Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation
- Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia)
Control
Virulent isolate outbreak:
- Quarantine and restrict movement
Prevention:
- Vaccination:
- Live or dead vaccines available
- Contain broadly cross-reactive strains
- In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus
- Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US
- Particular concern for catteries
- Rhinitis,
- Suggested in the presence of ulceration of the dorsal and lateral edges of the tongue, hard palate and external nares
- Lesions present may include interstitial pneumonia with necrotising bronchiolitis
- Also see Feline viral rhinotracheitis above