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===''Nocardia''===
===''Nocardia''===
*Facultative intracellular bacterium
*Aerobic short branching rods
*Aerobic short branching rods
*Non-motile
*Non-motile
*Spores from aerial filaments
*Spores from aerial filaments when cultured
*Grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar
*Grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar
*Cell wall contains mycolic acids (hence slightly acid fast)
*Cell wall contains mycolic acids (hence slightly acid fast)
*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil
*''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic
*Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals
*Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
*Causes granulomatous lesions in animals
*Involved in [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]] and [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] in dogs
*Canine nocardiosis: cutaneous pyogranulomas; [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]]; [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax; disseminated lesions
*Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion
*Pigs: abortion
*Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
*Survives and multiplies in macrophages
*Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues
*Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes
*Chronic, progressive disease
*Chronic, progressive disease
*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
*Cell-mediated immunity required
*''Nocardia farcinica'' causes bovine farcy