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→What do we vaccinate with?
==What do we vaccinate with?==
==What do we vaccinate with?==
[[Image:Passive Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Passive Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:Passive Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Passive Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
===Passive immunisation===
'''Advantages'''
*Immediate protection
'''Disadvantages:'''
*Short duration of action
**Temporary protection by the administration of preformed antibody from another individual of the same or of a different species
**The aquired antibodies are used in combination with antigen and catabolised by the body meaning protection is gradually lost
*Injection of antiserum may cause an allergic response
*Antiserum contains many antibodies not just the specific antobodies needed
'''Types of antibodies administered:'''
*Maternally-derived antibodies in colostrum
*Antiserum (artificial)
**The antigen (and often an adjuvant) is injected into the host animal
**The immune system of that animal synthesised antibodies
**Repeated injections at intervals increases the total antibody production
**The immunised animal is bled and the serum collected which contains the newly made antibodies. The serum is called '''antiserum'''.
**The serum can then be injected into a different animal to confer passive immunisation
*Example of when passive immunisation is used:
*Example of when passive immunisation is used:
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[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
===Active immunisation===
*Administer antigen so the patient develops its own antibodies to protect against disease
*Administer antigen so the patient develops its own antibodies to protect against disease
**Living organisms
**Living organisms
**DNA
**DNA
'''Advantages'''
*Long duration of action
'''Disadvantages'''
*Delay in protection
*Delay in protection
*Often needs two or more doses
*Often needs two or more doses
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==
==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==