Difference between revisions of "Clostridium botulinum"
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| − | *Ubiquitous organism | + | *Ubiquitous organism |
| − | *Oval, subterminal endospores; spores survive boiling for hours | + | *Oval, subterminal endospores; spores survive boiling for hours |
| − | *Causes [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication | + | *Causes [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication |
| − | *Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation | + | *Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation |
| − | *Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed | + | *Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed |
| − | *Pathogenesis: | + | *Pathogenesis: |
**Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood | **Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood | ||
| − | **Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT | + | **Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT |
**Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system | **Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system | ||
| − | **Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction | + | **Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction |
**Blocks release of acetylcholine | **Blocks release of acetylcholine | ||
| − | *Clinical signs: | + | *Clinical signs: |
| − | **Dilated pupils, dry mucus membranes, decreased salivation, tongue flacidity, dysphagia in farm animals | + | **Dilated pupils, dry mucus membranes, decreased salivation, tongue flacidity, dysphagia in farm animals |
| − | **Incoordination and knuckling followed by flacid paralysis and recumbency | + | **Incoordination and knuckling followed by flacid paralysis and recumbency |
| − | **Paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to death | + | **Paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to death |
| − | **Flacid paralysis of legs and wings in birds | + | **Flacid paralysis of legs and wings in birds |
| − | *Diagnosis: | + | *Diagnosis: |
| − | **Mouse inoculation with infected serum | + | **Mouse inoculation with infected serum |
| − | **Toxin detection by PCR, ELISA | + | **Toxin detection by PCR, ELISA |
| − | **Toxin neutralisation tests in mice | + | **Toxin neutralisation tests in mice |
| − | *Treatment: polyvalent antiserum neutralises unbound toxin | + | *Treatment: polyvalent antiserum neutralises unbound toxin |
| − | *Toxoid vaccine used in endemic regions | + | *Toxoid vaccine used in endemic regions |
*Implicated in [[Grass Sickness|equine grass sickness]] | *Implicated in [[Grass Sickness|equine grass sickness]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Neurotoxic_Clostridia]][[Category: | + | [[Category:Neurotoxic_Clostridia]] [[Category:Cattle_Bacteria]] [[Category:Sheep_Bacteria]] [[Category:Avian Bacteria]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |
| − | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] | ||
Revision as of 15:57, 24 January 2011
- Ubiquitous organism
- Oval, subterminal endospores; spores survive boiling for hours
- Causes botulism, a potentially fatal intoxication
- Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation
- Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed
- Pathogenesis:
- Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood
- Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT
- Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system
- Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction
- Blocks release of acetylcholine
- Clinical signs:
- Dilated pupils, dry mucus membranes, decreased salivation, tongue flacidity, dysphagia in farm animals
- Incoordination and knuckling followed by flacid paralysis and recumbency
- Paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to death
- Flacid paralysis of legs and wings in birds
- Diagnosis:
- Mouse inoculation with infected serum
- Toxin detection by PCR, ELISA
- Toxin neutralisation tests in mice
- Treatment: polyvalent antiserum neutralises unbound toxin
- Toxoid vaccine used in endemic regions
- Implicated in equine grass sickness