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| − | ===Congenital atelectasis=== | + | ===[[Pulmonary Congenital Atelectasis]]=== |
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| − | *Incomplete expansion of the lung at birth (congenital) or collapse of previously air-filled lung ([[Lungs Ventilation - Pathology#Atelectasis (Collapse)|acquired]])
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| − | *Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth
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| − | *Ranges from total in stillborn animals to patchy areas in the case of weak neonates, showing more in the dependant lobes in recumbency
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| − | *'''The neonatal respiratory syndrome'''
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| − | **Best documented in foals but reported in other species
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| − | **Also features extensive atelectasis
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| − | **These animals are called 'barkers' due to the noise made during forced expiration
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| − | *Gross pathology:
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| − | **Red fleshy appearance to the affected part, depressed below the surface if there are adjacent normal aerated areas
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| − | **Cut surface oozes blood, perhaps some froth in 'barkers'
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| − | **Affected areas sink or are submerged in fixative
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| − | *Micro pathology:
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| − | **Close approximation of capillary walls
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| − | **Little normal alveolar pattern
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| − | **'Barkers' may have a proteinaceous fluid in alveoli with hyaline membranes in lower airways
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| − | *Cause:
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| − | **In weak neonates -inadequate respiratory effort or damage to the respiratory centres in the brain, aspiration of amniotic fluid or meconium
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| − | **In 'barkers'- defective production of surfactant by the Type 2 alveolar epithelium
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| − | *Foals that survive may have hypoxic damage to their brain, walk aimlessly and lack normal sense of fear - "wanderers"
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| − | [[Category:Lungs - Developmental Pathology]]
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| − | [[Category:Respiratory System - Developmental Pathology]]
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| | ===Congenital lobar emphysema=== | | ===Congenital lobar emphysema=== |