Difference between revisions of "Bones Inflammatory - Pathology"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | [[Osteitis]] | ||
===Bone infections in general=== | ===Bone infections in general=== | ||
| Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
*E.g.: [[Fusobacterium necrophorum|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']] in the foot, [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Necrotic laryngitis|calf diphteria]], bite wounds, extension from paranasal sinuses, compound fractures, extensions from infections in the joints, [[Alveolar Periostitis|periodontal disease]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Atrophic Rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis]] | *E.g.: [[Fusobacterium necrophorum|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']] in the foot, [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Necrotic laryngitis|calf diphteria]], bite wounds, extension from paranasal sinuses, compound fractures, extensions from infections in the joints, [[Alveolar Periostitis|periodontal disease]], [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Atrophic Rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Bones - Inflammatory Pathology]] | ||
===Osteomyelitis=== | ===Osteomyelitis=== | ||
| Line 64: | Line 68: | ||
***Excessive periosteal bone formation | ***Excessive periosteal bone formation | ||
***Greatly enlarged mandible | ***Greatly enlarged mandible | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Bones - Inflammatory Pathology]] | ||
===Periostitis=== | ===Periostitis=== | ||
*Chronic periostitis - pockets of exudate and irregular new bone fomation | *Chronic periostitis - pockets of exudate and irregular new bone fomation | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Bones - Inflammatory Pathology]] | ||
===Panosteitis=== | ===Panosteitis=== | ||
| Line 82: | Line 90: | ||
**Increased bone formation in the medullary cavity and often in the periosteum | **Increased bone formation in the medullary cavity and often in the periosteum | ||
*Contast with [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophic osteodystrophy|'''hypertrophic osteodystrophy''']] | *Contast with [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophic osteodystrophy|'''hypertrophic osteodystrophy''']] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Bones - Inflammatory Pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]] | ||
Revision as of 12:07, 3 March 2011
Bone infections in general
- Caused by:
- Bacteria most commonly (e.g. lumpy jaw in cattle due to Actinomyces bovis)
- Viruses, fungi and protozoa less commonly
- Routes of infection:
- Gross lesions
- Suppurative exudate (in bacterial infection), necrosis, bone proliferation, pathological fractures
- Dead bone portions may be separated from blood supply and form bone sequestra
- Consequences
- Extension to adjacent bone
- Haematogenous spread to other bones and soft tissue
- Pathologic fractures
- Sinus tracts to exterior
- Osteitis = inflammation of bone
- Periostitis = inflammation of periosteum, usually develops from infection in adjacent tissues
- Osteomyelitis = inflammation of medullary cavity
Osteitis
- E.g.: Fusobacterium necrophorum in the foot, calf diphteria, bite wounds, extension from paranasal sinuses, compound fractures, extensions from infections in the joints, periodontal disease, Atrophic rhinitis
Osteomyelitis
- Mainly due to haematogenous spread in young animals
- Often as an extension from suppurative arthritis
- Usually isolated: Actinomyces pyogenes, Salmonella, E.coli, Klebsiella, Streptococci
- Metaphyses and epiphyses mostly affected
- Most infections are exacerbated by host response
- Pathogenesis:
- Prostaglandin and cytokines stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption
- Blood vessel occlusion and tissue necrosis -> lack of removal of agent and cartilage -> cartilage thickening + persistance of infection
- Affected area may be surrounded by fibrous inflammatory tissue
- Metaphyseal abscesses may develop
- Sequestra may also develop -> surrounded by granulation tissue
- Isolated from osteoclastic resorption
- May persist for long time
- Obstruct repair
- Vertebral osteomyelitis
- Lesions may affect the spinal cord
- Usually due to Actinomyces pyogenes
- Suppurative inflammation may cause fracture of vertebral body -> dorsal displacement -> damage to spinal cord
- May form encapsulated abscess protruding into spinal canal -> spinal cord compression
- Actinomycosis
- = Lumpy jaw in cattle
- Caused by Actinomyces bovis
- Gram positive, branching, filamentous
- Obligatory parasite of mucous membranes of oropharynx
- Surface tissue is usually injured for infection to occur
- Osteomyelitis of mandible -> destruction of bone -> replacement by fibrous tissue with pyogranulomatous nodules cotaining 'club colonies' of bacteria
- Suppurative osteomyelitis
- Fistulous tracts may discharge onto skin and into oral cavity
- Excessive periosteal bone formation
- Greatly enlarged mandible
Periostitis
- Chronic periostitis - pockets of exudate and irregular new bone fomation
Panosteitis
- Typically young large or giant breeds
- 75% of cases in German shepherd dogs, 5-12 months old
- Clinical signs:
- Shifting lameness
- Often eosinophilia in peripheral blood
- Usually self-limiting in one to several months
- Grossly:
- Foreleg long bone diaphyses affected (multiple bones in 50% of cases)
- Increased bone formation in the medullary cavity and often in the periosteum
- Contast with hypertrophic osteodystrophy