Changes

Caused By – ''Streptococcus iniae''

Caused By: '''''Streptococcus iniae''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Streptooccosis in fish is most commonly caused by the '''gram positive, facultative anaerobe [[Bacteria|bacterium]]''', ''Streptococcus iniae''. It does not fit any Lancefield serotype groups but is '''beta-haemolytic on blood agar'''. Other species may be involved including ''[[Enterococcus faecalis|S. faecalis]], E. seriolicida, S. faecium, S. difficile,'' and ''S. agalactiae''.

Streptooccosis in fish is most commonly caused by the '''gram positive, facultative anaerobe [[Bacteria|bacterium]]''', ''Streptococcus iniae''. It does not fit any Lancefield serotype groups but is '''beta-haemolytic on blood agar'''. Other species may be involved including ''[[Enterococcus faecalis|S. faecalis]], E. seriolicida, S. faecium, S. difficile,'' and ''S. agalactiae''.

''S. iniae'' has also been identified as an '''emerging human pathogen producing soft tissue infections''' in people.<ref>Fuller, J. D., Bast, D. J., Nizet, V., Low, D. E., de Azavedo, J. C (2001) '''Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with a distinct genetic profile'''. Infection and Immunity, 69</ref> The risk is mainly to direct handlers of infected fish and is not thought to be food-borne.

''S. iniae'' has also been identified as an '''emerging human pathogen producing soft tissue infections''' in people.<ref>Fuller, J. D., Bast, D. J., Nizet, V., Low, D. E., de Azavedo, J. C (2001) '''Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with a distinct genetic profile'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 69</ref> The risk is mainly to direct handlers of infected fish and is not thought to be food-borne.

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Diagnosis is usually based upon clinical signs and histopathological findings.

Diagnosis is usually based upon clinical signs and histopathological findings.

The bacterium grows very well on '''brain-heart infusion agar, nutrient agar, blood agar and Todd-Hewitt agar'''. It can then be biochemically characterised by '''[[Fluorescent antibody testing]] (FA) or PCR.'''

The bacterium grows very well on '''brain-heart infusion agar, nutrient agar, blood agar and Todd-Hewitt agar'''. It can then be biochemically characterised by '''[[fluorescent antibody testing]] (FA) or PCR.'''

Histopathologically, '''meningitis and panopthalmitis with cellular infiltration''' of the eye is evident.

Histopathologically, '''meningitis and panopthalmitis with cellular infiltration''' of the eye is evident.

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Streptococcosis in fish caused by Streptococcus iniae datasheet''', accessed 13/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Streptococcosis in fish caused by Streptococcus iniae datasheet''', accessed 13/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

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[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]