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===Diagnosis===
−*Swabs of pus or exudate cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
−*No growth on MacConkey except ''S. faecalis''
−*PCR, Lancefield grouping and biochemical tests
−*Haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group C are common inhabitants of the equine nasopharynx
−*''Streptococcus zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis'' are usually non-pathogenic
−*''S. equi'' is more pathogenic and is the cause of [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles]] with [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis, [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
−*''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
−[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|URT inflammation in horses]]
*''S. zooepidemicus'' can cause similar signs to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles in horses]], may accompany [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
−*May cause [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]] in horses
−* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]].
−*Secondary invadors after [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine influenza|Equine influenza]]
−*In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] and subcutaneous abscesses
*Primary or secondary infections following viral infection
*Primary or secondary infections following viral infection
*Neonatal septicaemia related to maternal genital tract infection
*Neonatal septicaemia related to maternal genital tract infection
+*Haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group C are common inhabitants of the equine nasopharynx
+*''Streptococcus zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis'' are usually non-pathogenic
*Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
*Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
*Opportunistic infections
*Opportunistic infections
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*Lancefield grouping - serology based on group-specific polysaccharide in cell wall
*Lancefield grouping - serology based on group-specific polysaccharide in cell wall
*Biochemical testing
*Biochemical testing
+
+
+===Diagnosis===
+
+*Swabs of pus or exudate cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
+*No growth on MacConkey except ''S. faecalis''
+*PCR, Lancefield grouping and biochemical tests
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*Epidemiology
*Epidemiology
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
−**Upper respiratory tract disease with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
+**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|upper respiratory tract disease of horses]] with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
+**Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis and [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
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**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
+**''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*Diagnosis
*Diagnosis
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===''S. zooepidemicus''===
===''S. zooepidemicus''===
−*Colonises mucous membranes and causes mastitis, pneumonia and navel infections in horses
+*Colonises mucous membranes
−*Colonises skin and mucous membranes od cattle, lambs, pigs and poultry and causes suppurative infections and septicaemia
+*Causes mastitis, pneumonia, [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]] and navel infections in horses
+*''S. zooepidemicus'' can cause similar signs to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles in horses]] and may accompany [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
+*Secondary invador after [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine influenza|equine influenza]]
+*Colonises skin and mucous membranes of cattle, lambs, pigs and poultry and causes suppurative infections and septicaemia
+* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]]
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*Found in vagina and anal mucosa of carnivores
*Found in vagina and anal mucosa of carnivores
*Neonatal septicaemia, suppurative infections, toxic shock syndrome
*Neonatal septicaemia, suppurative infections, toxic shock syndrome
+*In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] and subcutaneous abscesses
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*Submandibular lymphadenitis in pigs
*Submandibular lymphadenitis in pigs
−* [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
* [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
−*In [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
*In [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]]
* In [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]
* In [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]
−*In infectious [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]
*In infectious [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]
−*In [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Catarrhal Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]
*In [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Catarrhal Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]
−