Difference between revisions of "Category:Paramyxoviridae"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 52: Line 52:
  
 
==Reptiles==
 
==Reptiles==
===Reptilian Paramyxoviruses===
+
===[[Reptilian Paramyxoviruses]]===
*Infect central nervous system and lungs
 
*Kill particularly '''snakes'''
 
*Healthy reptiles may be carriers
 
*Testing by serology - '''HI test'''
 
*Aim to keep virus free collection and prevent spread back into the wild
 
  
 
==Rodentia==
 
==Rodentia==

Revision as of 11:14, 22 May 2010



Morphology

  • Single-stranded negative-sense unsegmented RNA virus
  • Reassortment and antigenic shift cannot occur
  • Spike proteins include
    • HN (Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase)
    • F (Fusion glycoprotein), which allows the virus to fuse directly to the plasma membrane and release its RNA
      • F also causes syncitium to form, which aids diagnosis
      • Host antibody response to the F protein is the basis for vaccination

Virulence

  • Paramyxoviruses replicate in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract as well as occasionally in the gut
    • Sites of spike protein cleavage
  • Virulence varies by virus, see below

Types and Subtypes

Paramoyxoviridae was reclassified in 2000 to include 2 subfamilies and 5 genera, of interest including:

Antigenic Variation

  • Antigenic conservation allows some cross protection by vaccination:
    • Conservation of major virus-specific F/HN antigens means vaccines protect against all isolates of the same virus
    • Minor morbillivirus-specific epitopes on F allows some cross protection between canine distemper, measles, and rinderpest
  • Antigenic "fingerprinting" is possible for some viruses based on minor variable epitopes of HN, F and NP on specific isolates as detected by monoclonal antibodies
    • These are detected by immunostaining infected cells

Paramyxoviridae by Species

Avian

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)

Canine

Canine Parainfluenza - 2 (aka Parainfluenza - 5)

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)

Bovine

Bovine Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3)

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

Equine

Hendra Virus

Porcine

Nipah Virus

Reptiles

Reptilian Paramyxoviruses

Rodentia

Murine Parainfluenza - 1 (Sendai virus)

  • Endemic in many mouse colonies
  • Most mice show no symptoms due to maternal antibodies
  • But minor respiratory lesions may invalidate carcinogenic or toxicological studies
  • Immunological studies also confused due to virus activating NK cells via high circulating IF 3-4 days post-infection
  • Control achieved by:
    • Purchasing specific pathogen free (SPF) mice
    • Kill whole colony in an outbreak -> disinfection -> formalin fumigation

Other resources

Subcategories

This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

P

Pages in category "Paramyxoviridae"

The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.