| Line 4: |
Line 4: |
| | * Three main categories of causes of obstruciton: | | * Three main categories of causes of obstruciton: |
| | ** Intraluminal | | ** Intraluminal |
| − | *** E.g. foreign bodies, food impaction. | + | *** E.g. [[Foreign Bodies, Intestinal|foreign bodies]], food impaction. |
| | ** Intramural | | ** Intramural |
| | *** E.g. neoplasia | | *** E.g. neoplasia |
| Line 12: |
Line 12: |
| | ====Intraluminal Obstruction==== | | ====Intraluminal Obstruction==== |
| | | | |
| − | =====Foreign Bodies===== | + | =====[[Foreign Bodies, Intestinal]]===== |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| − | * Foreign bodies of all types can be found in the intestines.
| |
| − | * While some may pass through posing no problems, others can cause acute obstruction,
| |
| − | * Quite common in dogs
| |
| − | ** Rare in other species - tend to lodge in the oesophagus or in one of the ruminant [[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|stomachs]].)
| |
| − | ** Enteroliths can be seen in horses greater than 4 years of age.
| |
| − | *** Are stones consisting of magnesium ammonium phosphate around a central nidus (often a metallic foreign body)
| |
| − | *** Typically lodge at the pelvic flexure or the transverse [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
| |
| − | * '''Clinical'''
| |
| − | ** Obstruction at pylorus produces repeated [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]].
| |
| − | ** Obstrustion lower down gives less dramatic effect.
| |
| − | *** Is still a problem if in the middle of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]s.
| |
| − | *** May be vague signs; some [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and off food.
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| − | * '''Diagnosis'''
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| − | ** May not show up well radiographically (unless radio-opaque) for several days.
| |
| − | *** May also be objects that are semi solid or soft, e.g.
| |
| − | **** String
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| − | **** Plastic bags
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| − | **** Stringy things, like pieces of material- particularly in puppies.
| |
| − | ** Make all of intestines have knotted appearance.
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| − | ** May be seen in horses with baler twine.
| |
| − | * '''Pathogenesis'''
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| − | ** Smooth, round objects, such as golf balls, lodge especially near the pylorus or lower down.
| |
| − | ** Occasionally in cattle (piece of rope or piece of tarpaulin) produces a tangled mass in [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]].
| |
| − | ** Cause pressure necrosis and eventually perforation.
| |
| − | ** Foreign bodies can also be chronic, remaining for long periods of time without causing disturbance.
| |
| | | | |
| | =====Impaction===== | | =====Impaction===== |