Difference between revisions of "Category:Intestine - Physical Disturbances"

Revision as of 12:44, 1 June 2010

Intestine - Physical Disturbances

Content

▼ Intestine - Physical Disturbances
► Obstruction, Intestinal
Hernia
Intussusception
Short Bowel Syndrome
Torsion, Intestinal
Volvulus, Intestinal

Category:Obstruction, Intestinal

Positional Changes/ Displacements

Hernia

Volvulus, Intestinal

Torsion

A twist across the long axis of gut.
Most common in the colon of the pig and the horse

Intussusception

Diagram of intussuscception (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)

Telescoping of one segment of the bowel into another.
Occurs in all species.
- Particularly in young dogs.
Can occur in the small intestine, caecum or colon.

Clinical

Intussusception is a less acute type of obstruction.
Produces intermittent diarrhoea.
Animals go downhill in a few days.
Palpation of abdomen may allow a "Cumberland sausage" effect to be felt.
- NB abdominal palpation in small animal, rectal palpation in large animal.

Pathogenesis

Proximal intestine invaginates into lower part of intestine.

Intersusception (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
- Takes mesenteric attachment with it.
Compression of the mesenteric vessels obstructs venous drainage of the gut, resulting in venous congestion.
- Swelling (oedema/congestion) arises.
  - Inflammatory exudate from serous surface.
    - Fibrinous adhesions form between surfaces making structure irreducible.
May progress to necrosis and gangrene of the tissue.
There is often functional obstruction to bowel.
May rupture, leading to peritonitis and death.
Associated with anything that raises peristalsis e.g. change in diet, bacterial infection.
- Foreign body
- Intramural abscess/tumour
- Heavy parasitism
- Previous intestinal surgery
- Enteritis
- Other motility disorders.
- Change in diet
- Bacterial infection

Pathology

When operate or at post mortem see large sausage shaped distension of length of intestine.

Intussusception may occur post mortem
- There are no associated changes
- The condition is easilt reducible.

Rectal prolapse

Pig, sheep, cattle
Related to prolonged tenesmus, e.g.
- Colitis
- Urinary infection
- Obstruction
- Hepatic failure.

References

Brown CC, Baker DC, Barker IK: Alimentary System. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, ed. Maxie MG, 5th ed., pp. 1-296. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, 2007.

McGavin DM & Zachary, JF: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th ed, pp. 301-393.Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2007.

Subcategories

This category has only the following subcategory.

O

► Obstruction, Intestinal‎ (2 C)

Pages in category "Intestine - Physical Disturbances"

The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total.

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
-===Volvulus===
+===[[Volvulus, Intestinal]]===
-* A twist about the long axis of the gut.
-* Generally in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
-* Intense congestion
-** Often almost black.
-* Mostly in young animals
-** Especially calves and piglets
-** Occasionally sheep and dogs.
-** Occasionally in greater mesentery of horse.
-====Pathogenesis====
-* Loop of bowel twists through 180 degrees around mesentery to produce obstruction of lumen.
-* Proximal the the obstruction, the bowel becomes rapidly distended.
-** Venous return is first shut off, but the arterial supply remains.
-*** Bowel becomes engorged with blood.
-** Produces rapid death.
-* Bowel becomes hypoxic.[[Image:Large_colon_torsion_horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Torsion of the large colon in the horse (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
-** Toxic material and bacteria pass through the anoxic wall of bowel.
-* In piglets may see whole of [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] twisted around root of mesentery.
-** Very little can be done to resolve this** Produces rapid death
 ===Torsion===