Difference between revisions of "Demodicosis"
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*To aid [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] penetration, clipping a dog's coat and washing is recommended | *To aid [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] penetration, clipping a dog's coat and washing is recommended | ||
| + | *[[Demodex|''Demodex'']] are normal inhabitants of hair follicles and sebaceous glands | ||
| + | *Have to have increased number of immature mites to classify as infestation | ||
| + | *Host-specific | ||
| + | *Occurs in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and cats | ||
| + | *Transmits during nursing from dam to offspring | ||
| + | *''Demodex canis'' in dogs: | ||
| + | **Generalised or localised | ||
| + | **Mainly young dogs affected or adults with other disease ([[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Adrenal Hyperfunction|hyperadrenocorticism]], [[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]) | ||
| + | **Often inherited in pure bred | ||
| + | **Grossly: | ||
| + | ***Localised: scaly, erythematous, macular, alopecic areas; usually face or front legs | ||
| + | ***Generalised: large, coalescing lesions, patches, erythema, alopecia, scales, crusts | ||
| + | **Microscopically: | ||
| + | ***Localised: lymphoplasmacytic perifolliculitis with hyperkeratinisation, sebaceous adenitis, low pigment, intraluminal mites | ||
| + | ***Generalised: perifolliculitis and follicular hyperkeratosis, follicular pluggingf, bacterial proliferation, bacterial neutrophilic folliculitis | ||
| + | ****May cause folliculat rupture -> furunculosis, cellulitis, lymphadenitis and septicaemia | ||
<big> | <big> | ||
Revision as of 10:28, 30 June 2010
Caused by Demodex
Pathogenesis and epidemiology
- Squamous demodecosis
- Less serious
- Dry reaction
- Alopecia, desquamation and skin thickening
- Absent to mild pruritus
- Follicular/pustular demodecosis
- More serious
- Skin invasion by staphylococci
- Skin becomes wrinkled, thickened and contains pustules which ooze serum, blood or pus
- Affected animals may be seriously disfigured
- Severe pruritus is associated with secondary infection
- Immune factors are important in determining the severity and occurrence of demodecosis
- Familial susceptibility
- Immunosuppression
- Immunosuppressant therapy
Diagnosis
- Liquid paraffin applied to a skin fold
- Deep skin scraping
Control
- Not easily accessible to acaricides due to their deep location in the skin
- Repeat treatments needed
- Recovery may take several months
- To aid acaricide penetration, clipping a dog's coat and washing is recommended
- Demodex are normal inhabitants of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
- Have to have increased number of immature mites to classify as infestation
- Host-specific
- Occurs in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and cats
- Transmits during nursing from dam to offspring
- Demodex canis in dogs:
- Generalised or localised
- Mainly young dogs affected or adults with other disease (hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism)
- Often inherited in pure bred
- Grossly:
- Localised: scaly, erythematous, macular, alopecic areas; usually face or front legs
- Generalised: large, coalescing lesions, patches, erythema, alopecia, scales, crusts
- Microscopically:
- Localised: lymphoplasmacytic perifolliculitis with hyperkeratinisation, sebaceous adenitis, low pigment, intraluminal mites
- Generalised: perifolliculitis and follicular hyperkeratosis, follicular pluggingf, bacterial proliferation, bacterial neutrophilic folliculitis
- May cause folliculat rupture -> furunculosis, cellulitis, lymphadenitis and septicaemia