Difference between revisions of "Infectious Canine Hepatitis"

Revision as of 15:52, 5 July 2010

Also known as:

Rubarth's Disease
Canine adenovirus infection

Description

adenovirus - Canine Adenovirus 1
acute and generalised infection
highly infectious
spread via the urine of infected animals over a long period of time

Signalment

young dogs

Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity

Laboratory Tests

Radiography

Biopsy

Endoscopy

Pathology

Gross

The liver is enlarged and friable on post-mortem examination. Extensive centrilobular necrosis leads to a pale, mottled appearance, but widespread haemorrhage is also apparent. These haemorrhages are located particularly on the serosal surface. Ascites results from this hepatitis, and fibrinous or fibrino-haemorrhagic adhesions can sometimes be seen between the lobes of the liver.

Other organs may also show changes. For example, the wall of the gall bladder may be oedematous, and lymph nodes can be enlarged, reddened and haemorrhagic. Chronic interstitial nephritis may feature.

Histological

Histopathology reveals centrilobular necrosis. Haematoxylin and eosin staining reveals basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and macrophages. It is possible to use immunofluorescence to stain for viral antigen in vascular endothelium.

Treatment

Control

In an outbreak

Isolate infected dogs
Disinfect premises

To prevent

Vaccination: tissue culture adaptation that may be live or inactivated
Cross protection with CAV2
Live vaccines are known to cause keratitis in Afghans, Red Setters and Saluki

Prognosis

References

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ===Pathology===
-====Pathogenesis====
-Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV1) initially infects and replicates in the cells of the oropharynx, before establishing a viraemia. A tropism for endothelial cells exists, leading to attack of the liver sinusoids and the lining of the gall bladder. Kuppfer cells are also affected. This results in hepatitis.
-In foxes, the virus replicates in the endothelial cells of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis.
 ====Gross====
 The liver is enlarged and friable on post-mortem examination. Extensive centrilobular necrosis leads to a pale, mottled appearance, but widespread haemorrhage is also apparent. These haemorrhages are located particularly on the serosal surface. Ascites results from this hepatitis, and fibrinous or fibrino-haemorrhagic adhesions can sometimes be seen between the lobes of the liver.