Difference between revisions of "Chocolate Poisoning-Dog"
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Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care'''Second Edition,2007</ref> | Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care'''Second Edition,2007</ref> | ||
==Signalment== | ==Signalment== | ||
| − | Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name=" | + | Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref> |
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Clinical Signs=== | ===Clinical Signs=== | ||
| − | Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.<ref name=" | + | Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref> |
| − | *'''CNS:''' hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.<ref name=" | + | *'''CNS:''' hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref> |
| − | *'''Gastrointestinal:''' diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.<ref name=" | + | *'''Gastrointestinal:''' diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Third Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref> |
| − | *'''Cardiovascular:''' arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.<ref name=" | + | *'''Cardiovascular:''' arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref> |
===Laboratory Tests=== | ===Laboratory Tests=== | ||
===Pathology=== | ===Pathology=== | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | <ref name=" | + | <ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref> |
<ref> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref> | <ref> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref> | ||
Revision as of 22:30, 31 October 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Introduction
Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.[1]
Signalment
Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.[2]
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.[2]
- CNS: hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.[2], [2]
- Gastrointestinal: diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.[2], [2]
- Cardiovascular: arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.[2], [2]
Laboratory Tests
Pathology
The methylxanthines yield their effects through
Treatment
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical CareSecond Edition,2007 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "multiple" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiple" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Tilley SmithThe 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline (Second Edition), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content