Difference between revisions of "Chocolate Poisoning-Dog"

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===Clinical Signs===
 
===Clinical Signs===
 
Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>
 
Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>
*'''CNS:''' hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>
+
*'''CNS:''' hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiple">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>
 
*'''Gastrointestinal:''' diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Third Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>
 
*'''Gastrointestinal:''' diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Third Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>
 
*'''Cardiovascular:''' arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>
 
*'''Cardiovascular:''' arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.<ref name="multiples">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>, <ref name="multiples">BSAVA Congress 2007 Scientific Proceedings p253-254</ref>

Revision as of 22:31, 31 October 2010



Introduction

Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.[1]

Signalment

Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.[2]


Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

Chocolate poisoning results in CNS, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs.[2]

  • CNS: hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, ataxia initially can evolve into muscle tremors, clonic seizures and hyperthermia.[2], [1]
  • Gastrointestinal: diarrhoea, emesis, haematemesis, colic.[2], [2]
  • Cardiovascular: arrhythmias,infrequently bradycardia but usually tachycardia.[2], [2]

Laboratory Tests

Pathology

The methylxanthines yield their effects through

  • Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:[1]
  • Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:[1]

Treatment

Prognosis

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical CareSecond Edition,2007 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiple" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiple" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiple" defined multiple times with different content
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Tilley SmithThe 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline (Second Edition), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "multiples" defined multiple times with different content

[1] [2]

  1. Tilley SmithThe 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline (Second Edition), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins
  2. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care Second Edition, 2007