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[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

[[Image:Active Immunisation.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Active Immunisation - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

 

===Active immunisation===

===Active immunisation===

*Administer antigen so the patient develops its own [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] to protect against disease

Active immunisation requires the administration of antigen so the patient develops thier own [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] to protect against disease. Suitable antigens include:

**Living organisms

**Living organisms

**Dead organisms

**Dead organisms

'''Advantages'''

'''Advantages'''

*Long duration of action  

*Long duration of action; once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the antigen, [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body

**Once [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] is produced against the antigen, [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] are formed which continue circulating in the body

'''Disadvantages'''

'''Disadvantages'''

*The host's immune system needs to evoke an immune response against the antigen which can take a few days

**The host's immune system needs to evoke an immune response against the antigen which can take a few days

*Can require two or more doses to be effective; the first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time

**For further information on the [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] response click [[:Category:Adaptive Immune System|Adaptive Immune System]]

 

*Often needs two or more doses  

**The first dose initiates the '''priming''' reaction where [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] production ceases after a few weeks, but the second and subsequent doses create [[B cell differentiation#Memory cells|memory cells]] which remain in the circulation for a much longer period of time

==What antigen(s) do we use in the vaccine?==

==Vaccine Antigens==

===Whole Organism===

===Whole Organism===